Callister - An introduction - 8th edition

Recommendations

Info

Appreciation is expressed to those who have made contributions to this <strong>edition</strong>. We are especially indebted to Michael Salkind of Kent State University, who provided assistance in updating and upgrading important material in several chapters. In addition, we sincerely appreciate Grant E. Head’s expert programming skills, which he used in developing the Virtual Materials Science and Engineering software. In addition, we would like to thank instructors who helped in reviewing the manuscript, who reviewed and have written content for WileyPLUS, and, in addition, others who have made valuable contributions: Arvind Agarwal Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov Prabhakar Bandaru Valery Bliznyuk Suzette R. Burckhard Stephen J. Burns Audrey Butler Matthew Cavalli Alexis G. Clare Stacy Gleixner Ginette Guinois Richard A. Jensen Bob Jones Molly Kennedy Kathleen Kitto Chuck Kozlowski Masoud Naghedolfeizi Todd Palmer Oscar J. Parales-Perez Bob Philipps Don Rasmussen Sandie Rawnsley Wynn A. Ray Hans J. Richter Joe Smith Jeffrey J. Swab Cindy Waters Yaroslava G. Yingling Florida International University New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology University of California-San Diego Western Michigan University South Dakota State University University of Rochester University of Iowa University of North Dakota Alfred University San José State University Dubois Agrinovation Hofstra University University of Texas, Pan American Clemson University Western Washington University University of Iowa Fort Valley State University Penn State University University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez Fujifilm USA Clarkson University Murdoch University San José State University Seagate Recording Media Black Diamond Equipment U.S. Military Academy North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University North Carolina State University We are also indebted to Jennifer Welter, Sponsoring Editor, for her assistance and guidance on this revision Last, but certainly not least, the continual encouragement and support of our families and friends is deeply and sincerely appreciated. WILLIAM D. CALLISTER,JR. DAVID G. RETHWISCH
Contents LIST OF SYMBOLS xxi 1. Introduction Learning Objectives 2 1.1 Historical Perspective 2 1.2 Materials Science and Engineering 3 1.3 Why Study Materials Science and Engineering? 5 1.4 Classification of Materials 5 Materials of Importance—Carbonated Beverage Containers 10 1.5 Advanced Materials 11 1.6 Modern Materials’ Needs 13 1.7 Processing/Structure/Properties/Performance Correlations 14 Summary 16 References 17 Question 17 2. Atomic Structure and Interatomic Bonding 18 Learning Objectives 19 2.1 Introduction 19 ATOMIC STRUCTURE 19 2.2 Fundamental Concepts 19 2.3 Electrons in Atoms 20 2.4 The Periodic Table 26 ATOMIC BONDING IN SOLIDS 28 2.5 Bonding Forces and Energies 28 2.6 Primary Interatomic Bonds 30 2.7 Secondary Bonding or van der Waals Bonding 34 Materials of Importance—Water (Its Volume Expansion Upon Freezing) 37 2.8 Molecules 38 Summary 38 Equation Summary 39 Processing/Structure/Properties/Performance Summary 40 Important Terms and Concepts 40 References 40 Questions and Problems 41 • xiii
Page 2 and 3: Characteristics of Selected Element
Page 5 and 6: With WileyPLUS: This online teachin
Page 7 and 8: E IGHTH E DITION Materials Science
Page 9: Dedicated to our wives, Nancy and E
Page 12 and 13: viii • Preface FEATURES THAT ARE
Page 14 and 15: x • Preface 2. Answers to Concept
Page 18 and 19: xiv • Contents 3. The Structure o
Page 20 and 21: xvi • Contents 9.12 Development o
Page 22 and 23: xviii • Contents 15.14 Factors Th
Page 24 and 25: xx • Contents 21.14 Optical Fiber
Page 26 and 27: xxii • List of Symbols HK Knoop
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 Introduction A familiar i
Page 31 and 32: 1.2 Materials Science and Engineeri
Page 33 and 34: 1.4 Classification of Materials •
Page 39 and 40: 1.5 Advanced Materials • 11 aeros
Page 41 and 42: 1.6 Modern Materials’ Needs • 1
Page 43 and 44: STEELS Processing Diffusion ➣ Rec
Page 45 and 46: Question • 17 REFERENCES Ashby, M
Page 47 and 48: WHY STUDY Atomic Structure and Inte
Page 49 and 50: 2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 21 Orbit
Page 51 and 52: 2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 23 Table
Page 53 and 54: 2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 25 Table
Page 55 and 56: 2.4 The Periodic Table • 27 Metal
Page 57 and 58: 2.5 Bonding Forces and Energies •
Page 59 and 60: 2.6 Primary Interatomic Bonds • 3
Page 61 and 62: 2.6 Primary Interatomic Bonds • 3
Page 63 and 64: 2.7 Secondary Bonding or van der Wa
Page 65 and 66: 2.7 Secondary Bonding or van der Wa
Page 67 and 68:
Summary • 39 Primary Interatomic
Page 69 and 70:
Questions and Problems • 41 QUEST
Page 71 and 72:
Questions and Problems • 43 Sprea
Page 73 and 74:
WHY STUDY The Structure of Crystall
Page 75 and 76:
lattice 3.4 Metallic Crystal Struct
Page 77 and 78:
3.4 Metallic Crystal Structures •
Page 79 and 80:
3.5 Density Computations • 51 EXA
Page 81 and 82:
3.7 Crystal Systems • 53 Another
Page 83 and 84:
3.8 Point Coordinates • 55 Concep
Page 85 and 86:
3.9 Crystallographic Directions •
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
3.10 Crystallographic Planes • 63
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
3.12 Close-Packed Crystal Structure
Page 99 and 100:
3.12 Close-Packed Crystal Structure
Page 101 and 102:
3.15 Anisotropy • 73 (a) (b) grai
Page 103 and 104:
3.16 X-Ray Diffraction: Determinati
Page 105 and 106:
0° 3.16 X-Ray Diffraction: Determi
Page 107 and 108:
3.17 Noncrystalline Solids • 79 (
Page 109 and 110:
Summary • 81 Point Coordinates Cr
Page 111 and 112:
Processing/Structure/Properties/Per
Page 113 and 114:
Questions and Problems • 85 118.7
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Questions and Problems • 89 Inten
Page 119 and 120:
WHY STUDY Imperfections in Solids?
Page 121 and 122:
self-interstitial increases exponen
Page 123 and 124:
2. Crystal structure. For appreciab
Page 125 and 126:
4.4 Specification of Composition
Page 127 and 128:
4.5 Dislocations—Linear Defects
Page 129 and 130:
4.5 Dislocations—Linear Defects
Page 131 and 132:
4.6 Interfacial Defects • 103 Ang
Page 133 and 134:
4.6 Interfacial Defects • 105 MAT
Page 135 and 136:
the order of 10 13 vibrations per s
Page 137 and 138:
4.10 Microscopic Techniques • 109
Page 139 and 140:
4.10 Microscopic Techniques • 111
Page 141 and 142:
4.11 GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATION grain
Page 143 and 144:
Summary • 115 Specification of Co
Page 145 and 146:
Summary • 117 List of Symbols Sym
Page 147 and 148:
Questions and Problems • 119 (a)
Page 149 and 150:
Design Problems • 121 (a) at a ma
Page 151 and 152:
WHY Study Diffusion? Materials of a
Page 153 and 154:
5.2 Diffusion Mechanisms • 125 se
Page 155 and 156:
5.3 Steady-State Diffusion • 127
Page 157 and 158:
5.4 Nonsteady-State Diffusion • 1
Page 159 and 160:
5.4 Nonsteady-State Diffusion • 1
Page 161 and 162:
5.5 Factors That Influence Diffusio
Page 163 and 164:
5.5 Factors That Influence Diffusio
Page 165 and 166:
5.6 Diffusion in Semiconducting Mat
Page 167 and 168:
is only an approximation), then the
Page 169 and 170:
5.6 Diffusion in Semiconducting Mat
Page 171 and 172:
Summary • 143 Diffusion in Semico
Page 173 and 174:
Questions and Problems • 145 QUES
Page 175 and 176:
Diffusion coefficient (m 2 /s) 10 -
Page 177 and 178:
Design Problems • 149 the process
Page 179 and 180:
WHY STUDY The Mechanical Properties
Page 181 and 182:
6.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain
Page 183 and 184:
6.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain
Page 185 and 186:
6.3 Stress-Strain Behavior • 157
Page 187 and 188:
6.4 Anelasticity • 159 Figure 6.8
Page 189 and 190:
6.5 Elastic Properties Of Materials
Page 191 and 192:
6.6 Tensile Properties • 163 Figu
Page 193 and 194:
6.6 Tensile Properties • 165 in F
Page 195 and 196:
6.6 Tensile Properties • 167 Brit
Page 197 and 198:
6.6 Tensile Properties • 169 y F
Page 199 and 200:
6.7 True Stress and Strain • 171
Page 201 and 202:
6.9 Compressive, Shear, and Torsion
Page 203 and 204:
Table 6.5 Hardness-Testing Techniqu
Page 205 and 206:
Brinell Hardness Tests 15 6.10 Hard
Page 207 and 208:
6.10 Hardness • 179 are contained
Page 209 and 210:
6.11 Variability Of Material Proper
Page 211 and 212:
6.12 Design/Safety Factors • 183
Page 213 and 214:
Summary • 185 • For an isotropi
Page 215 and 216:
Summary • 187 6.15 s T F True st
Page 217 and 218:
Questions and Problems • 189 a lo
Page 219 and 220:
Questions and Problems • 191 tens
Page 221 and 222:
Questions and Problems • 193 modu
Page 223 and 224:
Design Problems • 195 (a) Determi
Page 225 and 226:
Chapter 7 Dislocations and Strength
Page 227 and 228:
Dislocations and Plastic Deformatio
Page 229 and 230:
7.3 Characteristics of Dislocations
Page 231 and 232:
7.4 Slip Systems • 203 D B A (a)
Page 233 and 234:
7.5 Slip in Single Crystals • 205
Page 235 and 236:
7.5 Slip in Single Crystals • 207
Page 237 and 238:
7.6 Plastic Deformation of Polycrys
Page 239 and 240:
7.7 Deformation by Twinning • 211
Page 241 and 242:
7.9 Solid-Solution Strengthening
Page 243 and 244:
7.10 Strain Hardening • 215 (a) (
Page 245 and 246:
7.10 Strain Hardening • 217 600 2
Page 247 and 248:
7.11 RECOVERY recovery 7.12 RECRYST
Page 249 and 250:
7.12 Recrystallization • 221 (e)
Page 251 and 252:
7.12 Recrystallization • 223 DESI
Page 253 and 254:
Summary • 225 Figure 7.25 The log
Page 255 and 256:
Summary • 227 Strain Hardening
Page 257 and 258:
Questions and Problems • 229 Iron
Page 259 and 260:
Questions and Problems • 231 and
Page 261 and 262:
Design Problems • 233 Spreadsheet
Page 263 and 264:
WHY STUDY Failure? The design of a
Page 265 and 266:
8.3 Ductile Fracture • 237 Figure
Page 267 and 268:
8.4 Brittle Fracture • 239 8.4 BR
Page 269 and 270:
8.4 Brittle Fracture • 241 SEM Mi
Page 271 and 272:
8.5 Principles of Fracture Mechanic
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
8.6 Fracture Toughness Testing •
Page 281 and 282:
8.6 Fracture Toughness Testing •
Page 283 and 284:
8.7 Cyclic Stresses • 255 Most ce
Page 285 and 286:
8.8 The S-N Curve • 257 fatigue l
Page 287 and 288:
8.9 Crack Initiation and Propagatio
Page 289 and 290:
8.9 Crack Initiation and Propagatio
Page 291 and 292:
8.10 Factors that Affect Fatigue Li
Page 293 and 294:
8.12 Generalized Creep Behavior •
Page 295 and 296:
8.13 Stress and Temperature Effects
Page 297 and 298:
8.15 Alloys For High-Temperature Us
Page 299 and 300:
Summary • 271 Ductile Fracture
Page 301 and 302:
Summary • 273 • The presence of
Page 303 and 304:
fatigue limit fatigue strength frac
Page 305 and 306:
Questions and Problems • 277 Cycl
Page 307 and 308:
Design Problems • 279 8.31 A cyli
Page 309 and 310:
Chapter 9 Phase Diagrams The graph
Page 311 and 312:
Definitions and Basic Concepts 9.2
Page 313 and 314:
9.5 PHASE EQUILIBRIA equilibrium fr
Page 315 and 316:
phases is along curve aO—likewise
Page 317 and 318:
9.8 Interpretation of Phase Diagram
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
9.9 Development of Microstructure i
Page 325 and 326:
9.10 Mechanical Properties of Isomo
Page 327 and 328:
9.11 Binary Eutectic Systems • 29
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
9.12 Development of Microstructure
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
9.13 Equilibrium Diagrams Having In
Page 341 and 342:
9.14 Eutectoid and Peritectic React
Page 343 and 344:
9.15 Congruent Phase Transformation
Page 345 and 346:
9.17 The Gibbs Phase Rule • 317 F
Page 347 and 348:
The Iron-Carbon System 9.18 The Iro
Page 349 and 350:
9.18 The Iron-Iron Carbide (Fe-Fe 3
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Summary • 331 SUMMARY Introductio
Page 361 and 362:
Summary • 333 Development of Micr
Page 363 and 364:
Questions and Problems • 335 Impo
Page 365 and 366:
Questions and Problems • 337 (b)
Page 367 and 368:
Questions and Problems • 339 Figu
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
WHY STUDY Phase Transformations? Th
Page 373 and 374:
10.3 The Kinetics of Phase Transfor
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377 and 378:
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
10.4 Metastable versus Equilibrium
Page 385 and 386:
10.5 Isothermal Transformation Diag
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
10.6 Continuous Cooling Transformat
Page 397 and 398:
10.6 Continuous Cooling Transformat
Page 399 and 400:
10.7 Mechanical Behavior of Iron-Ca
Page 401 and 402:
10.7 Mechanical Behavior of Iron-Ca
Page 403 and 404:
10.8 TEMPERED MARTENSITE In the as-
Page 405 and 406:
10.8 Tempered Martensite • 377 (b
Page 407 and 408:
10.9 Review of Phase Transformation
Page 409 and 410:
Summary • 381 Figure 10.37. Of co
Page 411 and 412:
Summary • 383 Spheroidite—is co
Page 413 and 414:
Questions and Problems • 385 Stee
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Questions and Problems • 389 (c)
Page 419 and 420:
Chapter 11 Applications and Process
Page 421 and 422:
11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 393 Types o
Page 423 and 424:
11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 395 Table 1
Page 425 and 426:
11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 397 Table 1
Page 427 and 428:
11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 399 is exte
Page 429 and 430:
11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 401 (c) 20
Page 431 and 432:
Table 11.5 Designations, Minimum Me
Page 433 and 434:
11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 405 is pres
Page 435 and 436:
11.3 Nonferrous Alloys • 407 Tabl
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Table 11.9 Compositions, Mechanical
Page 443 and 444:
11.3 Nonferrous Alloys • 415 or n
Page 445 and 446:
11.4 Forming Operations • 417 Met
Page 447 and 448:
11.5 Casting • 419 that have rath
Page 449 and 450:
11.6 Miscellaneous Techniques • 4
Page 451 and 452:
11.7 Annealing Processes • 423 ox
Page 453 and 454:
modification of mechanical properti
Page 455 and 456:
11.8 Heat Treatment of Steels • 4
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
11.9 Precipitation Hardening • 43
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Summary • 443 Forming Operations
Page 473 and 474:
Summary • 445 PROCESSING Recrysta
Page 475 and 476:
Questions and Problems • 447 REFE
Page 477 and 478:
Design Problems • 449 and temperi
Page 479 and 480:
Chapter 12 Structures and Propertie
Page 481 and 482:
12.2 Crystal Structures • 453 Con
Page 483 and 484:
12.2 Crystal Structures • 455 Tab
Page 485 and 486:
12.2 Crystal Structures • 457 Fur
Page 487 and 488:
12.2 Crystal Structures • 459 VMS
Page 489 and 490:
12.2 Crystal Structures • 461 Tet
Page 491 and 492:
12.2 Crystal Structures • 463 EXA
Page 493 and 494:
12.3 Silicate Ceramics • 465 Si 4
Page 495 and 496:
12.3 Silicate Ceramics • 467 Figu
Page 497 and 498:
12.4 Carbon • 469 Figure 12.16 Sc
Page 499 and 500:
Another molecular form of carbon ha
Page 501 and 502:
12.5 Imperfections in Ceramics •
Page 503 and 504:
12.5 Imperfections in Ceramics •
Page 505 and 506:
12.7 Ceramic Phase Diagrams • 477
Page 507 and 508:
12.7 Ceramic Phase Diagrams • 479
Page 509 and 510:
12.8 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics
Page 511 and 512:
12.8 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics
Page 513 and 514:
flexural strength Flexural strength
Page 515 and 516:
12.10 Mechanisms of Plastic Deforma
Page 517 and 518:
viscosities at ambient temperatures
Page 519 and 520:
Summary • 491 Table 12.6 Vickers
Page 521 and 522:
Summary • 493 • Diagrams for Al
Page 523 and 524:
Questions and Problems • 495 visc
Page 525 and 526:
Questions and Problems • 497 does
Page 527 and 528:
Questions and Problems • 499 Stre
Page 529 and 530:
Chapter 13 Applications and Process
Page 531 and 532:
13.3 Glass-Ceramics • 503 Ceramic
Page 533 and 534:
13.5 Refractories • 505 Glass-cer
Page 535 and 536:
13.6 Abrasives • 507 (2910F). Thu
Page 537 and 538:
13.8 Advanced Ceramics • 509 Seve
Page 539 and 540:
13.8 Advanced Ceramics • 511 opti
Page 541 and 542:
13.9 Fabrication and Processing of
Page 543 and 544:
Page 545 and 546:
Page 547 and 548:
Page 549 and 550:
Page 551 and 552:
13.11 Powder Pressing • 523 a sca
Page 553 and 554:
13.12 Tape Casting • 525 Figure 1
Page 555 and 556:
Summary • 527 • Requirements fo
Page 557 and 558:
Summary • 529 This chapter also d
Page 559 and 560:
13.12 Compare the softening points
Page 561 and 562:
WHY STUDY Polymer Structures? A rel
Page 563 and 564:
14.3 Polymer Molecules • 535 Tabl
Page 565 and 566:
14.4 The Chemistry of Polymer Molec
Page 567 and 568:
14.4 The Chemistry of Polymer Molec
Page 569 and 570:
Figure 14.3 Hypothetical polymer mo
Page 571 and 572:
14.5 Molecular Weight • 543 Table
Page 573 and 574:
14.7 Molecular Structure • 545 Fi
Page 575 and 576:
14.8 Molecular Configurations • 5
Page 577 and 578:
14.8 Molecular Configurations • 5
Page 579 and 580:
14.10 Copolymers • 551 adjacent c
Page 581 and 582:
14.11 Polymer Crystallinity • 553
Page 583 and 584:
For copolymers, as a general rule,
Page 585 and 586:
14.12 Polymer Crystals • 557 ~ 10
Page 587 and 588:
14.14 Diffusion in Polymeric Materi
Page 589 and 590:
Summary • 561 PET is permeable to
Page 591 and 592:
Equation Summary Summary • 563 Po
Page 593 and 594:
Important Terms and Concepts Questi
Page 595 and 596:
Questions and Problems • 567 age
Page 597 and 598:
Chapter 15 Characteristics, Applica
Page 599 and 600:
15.2 Stress-Strain Behavior • 571
Page 601 and 602:
15.3 Macroscopic Deformation • 57
Page 603 and 604:
15.4 Viscoelastic Deformation • 5
Page 605 and 606:
15.4 Viscoelastic Deformation • 5
Page 607 and 608:
15.5 Fracture of Polymers • 579 F
Page 609 and 610:
15.7 Deformation of Semicrystalline
Page 611 and 612:
t 0 t t 0 t 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 (a) (
Page 613 and 614:
15.8 Factors That Influence the Mec
Page 615 and 616:
15.8 Factors That Influence the Mec
Page 617 and 618:
15.9 Deformation of Elastomers •
Page 619 and 620:
15.10 Crystallization • 591 Norma
Page 621 and 622:
15.13 Melting and Glass Transition
Page 623 and 624:
15.14 Factors That Influence Meltin
Page 625 and 626:
15.15 Plastics • 597 Table 15.3 (
Page 627 and 628:
15.16 Elastomers • 599 ing phenol
Page 629 and 630:
15.18 Miscellaneous Applications
Page 631 and 632:
15.19 Advanced Polymeric Materials
Page 633 and 634:
15.19 Advanced Polymeric Materials
Page 635 and 636:
The tensile modulus of this TPE mat
Page 637 and 638:
15.20 Polymerization • 609 Additi
Page 639 and 640:
15.22 Forming Techniques for Plasti
Page 641 and 642:
15.22 Forming Techniques for Plasti
Page 643 and 644:
15.24 Fabrication of Fibers and Fil
Page 645 and 646:
Factors That Influence the Mechanic
Page 647 and 648:
Summary • 619 Equation Summary Eq
Page 649 and 650:
Questions and Problems • 621 McCr
Page 651 and 652:
Questions and Problems • 623 Tens
Page 653 and 654:
Design Questions • 625 Elastomers
Page 655 and 656:
3.1 Hardness • 627 WHY STUDY Comp
Page 657 and 658:
16.1 Introduction • 629 Dispersed
Page 659 and 660:
16.2 Large-Particle Composites •
Page 661 and 662:
16.2 Large-Particle Composites •
Page 663 and 664:
Critical fiber length—dependence
Page 665 and 666:
16.5 Influence of Fiber Orientation
Page 667 and 668:
Page 669 and 670:
ut, because s/E, 16.5 Influence o
Page 671 and 672:
Page 673 and 674:
16.6 The Fiber Phase • 645 Applic
Page 675 and 676:
eactions with the environment. Such
Page 677 and 678:
16.8 Polymer-Matrix Composites •
Page 679 and 680:
16.8 Polymer-Matrix Composites •
Page 681 and 682:
16.9 Metal-Matrix Composites • 65
Page 683 and 684:
The high-temperature creep and rupt
Page 685 and 686:
16.12 HYBRID COMPOSITES hybrid comp
Page 687 and 688:
16.13 Processing of Fiber-Reinforce
Page 689 and 690:
16.15 Sandwich Panels • 661 Figur
Page 691 and 692:
Summary • 663 they remain separat
Page 693 and 694:
Summary • 665 When l l c , Equat
Page 695 and 696:
References • 667 List of Symbols
Page 697 and 698:
Page 699 and 700:
Design Problems • 671 to be align
Page 701 and 702:
Chapter 17 Corrosion and Degradatio
Page 703 and 704:
Corrosion of Metals 17.2 Electroche
Page 705 and 706:
17.2 Electrochemical Considerations
Page 707 and 708:
Page 709 and 710:
Page 711 and 712:
17.4 Prediction of Corrosion Rates
Page 713 and 714:
Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
Page 719 and 720:
17.5 Passivity • 691 to further c
Page 721 and 722:
17.7 Forms of Corrosion • 693 sur
Page 723 and 724:
17.7 Forms of Corrosion • 695 Fig
Page 725 and 726:
Page 727 and 728:
Page 729 and 730:
sodium chloride. Dilute sulfuric ac
Page 731 and 732:
17.10 Oxidation • 703 Zinc coatin
Page 733 and 734:
17.10 Oxidation • 705 Table 17.3
Page 735 and 736:
Ceramic materials are frequently us
Page 737 and 738:
17.12 Bond Rupture • 709 17.12 BO
Page 739 and 740:
Summary • 711 marily a result of
Page 741 and 742:
Summary • 713 Corrosion Preventio
Page 743 and 744:
Questions and Problems • 715 REFE
Page 745 and 746:
Page 747 and 748:
Chapter 18 Electrical Properties (b
Page 749 and 750:
18.3 Electrical Conductivity • 72
Page 751 and 752:
18.5 Energy Band Structures in Soli
Page 753 and 754:
valence band conduction band energy
Page 755 and 756:
covalent) and relatively weak, whic
Page 757 and 758:
18.8 Electrical Resistivity of Meta
Page 759 and 760:
18.9 Electrical Characteristics of
Page 761 and 762:
18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 763 and 764:
18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 765 and 766:
18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 767 and 768:
18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 769 and 770:
18.12 The Temperature Dependence of
Page 771 and 772:
18.13 Factors That Affect Carrier M
Page 773 and 774:
DESIGN EXAMPLE 18.1 Acceptor Impuri
Page 775 and 776:
18.14 The Hall Effect • 747 Depen
Page 777 and 778:
18.15 Semiconductor Devices • 749
Page 779 and 780:
Page 781 and 782:
Page 783 and 784:
18.16 Conduction in Ionic Materials
Page 785 and 786:
ands that overlap the valence and c
Page 787 and 788:
18.19 Field Vectors and Polarizatio
Page 789 and 790:
18.19 Field Vectors and Polarizatio
Page 791 and 792:
ionic polarization Electric dipole
Page 793 and 794:
18.23 Dielectric Materials • 765
Page 795 and 796:
Summary • 767 + + + + + + + + +
Page 797 and 798:
Summary • 769 • With these mate
Page 799 and 800:
Summary • 771 18.11 r i Ac i 11
Page 801 and 802:
Summary • 773 One common use for
Page 803 and 804:
Questions and Problems • 775 Elec
Page 805 and 806:
Questions and Problems • 777 The
Page 807 and 808:
Design Problems • 779 DESIGN PROB
Page 809 and 810:
Chapter 19 Thermal Properties (a) (
Page 811 and 812:
19.2 Heat Capacity • 783 Figure 1
Page 813 and 814:
19.3 Thermal Expansion • 785 Tabl
Page 815 and 816:
19.3 Thermal Expansion • 787 For
Page 817 and 818:
19.4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Thermal c
Page 819 and 820:
19.4 Thermal Conductivity • 791 F
Page 821 and 822:
19.5 Thermal Stresses • 793 speci
Page 823 and 824:
Summary • 795 • Coefficient-of-
Page 825 and 826:
Page 827 and 828:
Design Problems • 799 rod be fabr
Page 829 and 830:
WHY STUDY the Magnetic Properties o
Page 831 and 832:
20.2 Basic Concepts • 803 I B 0 =
Page 833 and 834:
20.3 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism
Page 835 and 836:
20.4 Ferromagnetism • 807 Table 2
Page 837 and 838:
20.5 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrima
Page 839 and 840:
20.5 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrima
Page 841 and 842:
20.6 The Influence of Temperature o
Page 843 and 844:
20.7 Domains and Hysteresis • 815
Page 845 and 846:
20.7 Domains and Hysteresis • 817
Page 847 and 848:
20.9 Soft Magnetic Materials • 81
Page 849 and 850:
20.9 Soft Magnetic Materials • 82
Page 851 and 852:
20.10 Hard Magnetic Materials • 8
Page 853 and 854:
20.11 Magnetic Storage • 825 requ
Page 855 and 856:
20.11 Magnetic Storage • 827 Figu
Page 857 and 858:
20.12 Superconductivity • 829 Ele
Page 859 and 860:
20.12 Superconductivity • 831 Tab
Page 861 and 862:
Summary • 833 • For cubic ferri
Page 863 and 864:
Questions and Problems • 835 List
Page 865 and 866:
Questions and Problems • 837 with
Page 867 and 868:
Design Problems • 839 H C 1T 2 H
Page 869 and 870:
WHY STUDY the Optical Properties of
Page 871 and 872:
21.3 Light Interactions with Solids
Page 873 and 874:
21.4 Atomic and Electronic Interact
Page 875 and 876:
21.5 Refraction • 847 Velocity of
Page 877 and 878:
21.7 ABSORPTION Nonmetallic materia
Page 879 and 880:
21.7 Absorption • 851 Reaction de
Page 881 and 882:
21.9 Color • 853 21.9 COLOR color
Page 883 and 884:
21.11 Luminescence • 855 Figure 2
Page 885 and 886:
21.11 Luminescence • 857 n- and p
Page 887 and 888:
21.13 Lasers • 859 Ruby Flash lam
Page 889 and 890:
21.13 Lasers • 861 Partially refl
Page 891 and 892:
21.4 Optical Fibers in Communicatio
Page 893 and 894:
Summary • 865 Input impulse Outpu
Page 895 and 896:
Summary • 867 Transparent nonmeta
Page 897 and 898:
Questions and Problems • 869 Impo
Page 899 and 900:
Design Problem • 871 fiber glass
Page 901 and 902:
WHY STUDY Economic, Environmental,
Page 903 and 904:
Environmental and Societal Consider
Page 905 and 906:
Environmental and Societal Consider
Page 907 and 908:
22.5 Recycling Issues in Materials
Page 909 and 910:
Page 911 and 912:
Page 913:
Design Questions • 885 Environmen
Page 916 and 917:
A2 • Appendix A / The Internation
Page 918 and 919:
A4 • Appendix B / Properties of S
Page 920 and 921:
Page 922 and 923:
Page 924 and 925:
A10 • Appendix B / Properties of
Page 926 and 927:
Page 928 and 929:
Page 930 and 931:
Page 932 and 933:
Page 934 and 935:
Page 936 and 937:
Page 938 and 939:
Page 940 and 941:
Page 942 and 943:
Page 944 and 945:
Page 946 and 947:
A32 • Appendix C / Costs and Rela
Page 948 and 949:
A34 • Appendix C / Costs and Rela
Page 950 and 951:
Appendix D Repeat Unit Structures f
Page 952 and 953:
A38 • Appendix D / Repeat Unit St
Page 954 and 955:
Appendix E Glass Transition and Mel
Page 956 and 957:
G2 • Glossary atomic mass units (
Page 958 and 959:
G4 • Glossary according to unit c
Page 960 and 961:
G6 • Glossary Fick’s first law.
Page 962 and 963:
G8 • Glossary J Jominy end-quench
Page 964 and 965:
G10 • Glossary alternating layers
Page 966 and 967:
G12 • Glossary stock; also, elong
Page 968 and 969:
G14 • Glossary tempered martensit
Page 970 and 971:
Answers to Selected Problems Chapte
Page 972 and 973:
S2 • Answers to Selected Problems
Page 974:
S4 • Answers to Selected Problems
Page 977 and 978:
plane strain fracture toughness, 24
Page 979 and 980:
Clay, characteristics, 518-519 Clay
Page 981 and 982:
Die casting, 419 Dielectric breakdo
Page 983 and 984:
Fatigue life, 258, G4 factors that
Page 985 and 986:
Heat treatable, definition of, 406
Page 987 and 988:
modulus of elasticity, 486 thermal
Page 989 and 990:
Nanotubes, carbon, 13, 471 Natural
Page 991 and 992:
fatigue behavior (PET), 580 magneti
Page 993 and 994:
single crystal, 451 structure of, 4
Page 995 and 996:
Stabilized zirconia, 478, 655 Stabi
Page 997 and 998:
Transparency, 844, G13 Transverse b
Page 999 and 1000:
Power 1 W 0.239 cal/s 1 cal/s 4.1
show all

Callister - An introduction - 8th edition

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?