Callister - An introduction - 8th edition

I4 • Index
Crack configurations, in
ceramics, 483
Crack critical velocity, 482–483
Crack formation, 236
in ceramics, 482–483
fatigue and, 259–261
glass, 517
Crack propagation, 236. See also
Fracture mechanics
in brittle fracture, 239–242
in ceramics, 480–485
in ductile fracture, 236–237
fatigue and, 259–260
Cracks:
stable vs. unstable, 236
Crack surface displacement
modes, 245
Crazing, 579
Creep, 265–270, G2
ceramics, 491
influence of temperature and stress
on, 266–268
mechanisms, 268
in polymers, 578
stages of, 265–266
steady-state rate, 266
viscoelastic, 578
Creep compliance, 578
Creep modulus, 578
Creep rupture tests, 266
data extrapolation, 268–269
Crevice corrosion, 694–695, G2
Cristobalite, 464, 479, 480
Critical cooling rate,
ferrous alloys, 369–370
glass-ceramics, 503–504
Critical fiber length, 635
Critical resolved shear stress,
205, G2
as related to dislocation
density, 232
Critical stress (fracture), 243
Critical temperature,
superconductivity, 829, 831
Critical velocity (crack), 482–483
Crosslinking, 546, G2
elastomers, 588–590
influence on viscoelastic
behavior, 577
thermosetting polymers, 551
Crystalline materials, 46, 72, G2
defects, 91–107
single crystals, 72, G11
Crystallinity, polymers, 552–556, G2
influence on mechanical
properties, 585
Crystallites, 556, G2
Crystallization, polymers, 590–591
Crystallographic directions, 57–63
easy and hard magnetization, 819
families, 59
hexagonal crystals, 60–63
Crystallographic planes, 63–68
atomic arrangements, 66–67
close-packed, ceramics, 460–462
close-packed, metals, 69–71
diffraction by, 74–76
families, 67
Crystallographic point coordinates,
55–56
Crystal structures, 46–55, G2. See
also Body-centered cubic
structure; Close-packed crystal
structures; Face-centered cubic
structure; Hexagonal closepacked
structure
ceramics, 453–462
close-packed, ceramics, 460–461
close-packed, metals, 69–71
determination by x-ray diffraction,
74–78
selected metals, 47
types, ceramics, 453–462
types, metals, 47–51, 69–71
Crystallization (ceramics), 504,
518, G2
Crystal systems, 52–55, G2
Cubic crystal system, 52, 54
Cubic ferrites, 809–813
Cunife, 823, 824
Cup-and-cone fracture, 237
Curie temperature, 813, G3
ferroelectric, 766
ferromagnetic, 784
Curing, plastics, 612
Current density, 722
Cyclic stresses, 255–256
D
Damping capacity, steel vs.
cast iron, 404
Data scatter, 181–182
Debye temperature, 784
Decarburization, 146
Defects, see also Dislocations
atomic vibrations and, 106–107
dependence of properties on, 91
in ceramics, 472–476
interfacial, 102–106
point, 92–99, 472–474, G9
in polymers, 558–559
surface, 105
volume, 106
Defect structure, 472, G3
Deformation:
elastic, see Elastic deformation
elastomers, 588–589
plastic, see Plastic deformation
Deformation mechanism maps
(creep), 268
Deformation mechanisms
(semicrystalline polymers),
elastic deformation, 582, 583
plastic deformation, 528, 584
Degradation of polymers,
707–711, G3
Degree of polymerization, 542, G3
Degrees of freedom, 316–318
Delayed fracture, 481
Density:
computation for ceramics, 462–463
computation for metal alloys, 97
computation for metals, 51–52
computation for polymers, 555–556
of dislocations, 200
linear atomic, 68
planar atomic, 69
polymers (values for), 572
ranges for material types (bar
chart), 6
relation to percent crystallinity for
polymers, 554
values for various materials,
A3–A6
Design, component, 874
Design examples:
cold work and recrystallization,
223
conductivity of a p-type
semiconductor, 745–746
cubic mixed-ferrite magnet,
812–813
creep rupture lifetime for an S-590
steel, 269
nonsteady-state diffusion, 136–137
spherical pressure vessel, failure of,
247–250
steel shaft, alloy/heat treatment of,
434–435
tensile-testing apparatus, 183–184
tubular composite shaft, 651–653
Design factor, 182
Design stress, 182, G3
Dezincification, of brass, 697–698
Diamagnetism, 805, G3
Diamond, 468–469
as abrasive, 507
bonding energy and melting
temperature, 31
cost, A34
films, 468–469
hardness, 491
thermal conductivity value, A22
Diamond cubic structure, 468