Callister - An introduction - 8th edition

modulus of elasticity, 486
thermal properties, 785
Magnesium oxide-aluminum oxide
phase diagram, 478
Magnetic anisotropy, 818–819, 821
Magnetic ceramics, 809–813
Magnetic dipoles, 801–802
Magnetic domains, see Domains
Magnetic energy product, 822–823
Magnetic field strength, 802, 804, G7
Magnetic field vectors, 802–804
Magnetic flux density, 802, 804, G7
critical values for superconductors,
831
Magnet hard disk drives, 800, 826–827
Magnetic hysteresis, 815–817
factors that affect, 818
soft and hard magnetic materials,
819–820, 822–823
Magnetic induction, see Magnetic
flux density
Magnetic materials:
hard, 822–825
low thermal expansion
characteristics, 788
neodymium-iron-boron alloys,
824–825
samarium-cobalt alloys, 824
soft, 819–822
Magnetic moments, 802, 804–805
cations, 809–811
Magnetic permeability, 803, 804,
842, 847
Magnetic storage, 800, 825–828
Magnetic susceptibility, 804, G7
selected diamagnetic and
paramagnetic materials, 807
various units for, 804, 835–836
Magnetic tapes, 827–828
Magnetic texture, 74, 821
Magnetic units, conversion
factors, 804
Magnetism:
basic concepts, 801–805
electron spin and, 805
Magnetite (lodestone), 801, 809
Magnetization, 803–804, G7
easy and hard directions, 819, 821,
827, 828
saturation, 807–808, 812, G11
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy, 819
Magnetostrictive materials, 12
Magnetorheological fluids, 12
Majority charge carriers, 737
Malleability, see Ductility
Malleable cast iron, 401, 402, G7
compositions, mechanical properties,
and applications, 403
Manganese oxide, as
antiferromagnetic material, 809
Manufacturing techniques,
economics, 875
Martensite, 362–363, 368, 378, G7
alloying to favor formation of, 369
crystal structure, 362
hardness, 373
hardness vs. carbon content, 374
shape-memory phase
transformations, 379–380
tempering of, 375–376
Martensitic stainless steels, 397, 398
Materials:
advanced, 11–13
by design, 12
classification of, 5–11
costs, 652, A31–A35
current and future needs, 13–14
disposal of, 875–876
economic considerations, 873–875
engineered, 875
of the future, 11
historical development of, 2
nanoengineered, 12–13
nonrenewable sources of, 14, 876
smart, 11–12
total cycle, 875–876
Materials engineering, 3–4, 152
Materials of Importance:
aluminum electrical wires, 731–732
aluminum for integrated circuit
interconnects, 140–141
biodegradable and biorenewable
polymers/plastics, 881–883
carbon nanotubes, 471
carbonated beverage containers, 10
catalysts (and surface defects), 105
Invar and other low-expansion
alloys, 788
an iron-silicon alloy that is used in
transformer cores, 821
lead-free solders, 304
light-emitting diodes, 856–857
metal alloys used for euro coins, 416
nanocomposites in tennis balls,
662–663
phenolic billiard balls, 598–599
piezoelectric ceramics, 512
shape-memory alloys, 379–381
shrink-wrap polymer films, 587
tin (its allotropic transformation), 53
water (its volume expansion upon
freezing), 37
Materials science, 3
Matrix phase, G7
definition, 628
fiber-reinforced composites, 646–647
Index • I11
Matthiessen’s rule, 729, G7
Mean stress (fatigue), 255, 262
Mechanical properties, see also
specific mechanical properties
grain size and, 225
variability, 180–182
Mechanical twin, 106, 211. See also
Twinning
Mechanics of materials, 155
Medium carbon steels, 395, 396
Meissner effect, 830
Melamine-formaldehyde, repeat unit
structure, A36
Melting (polymers), 592
Melting point (temperature):
and bonding energy for selected
materials, 31
ceramics, 514
factors that affect (polymers), 594
glasses, 514, G7
polymers, 592–593, A40
Melt spinning, 614
Memory, flash, 719, 753
Mercury:
bonding energy and melting
temperature, 31
superconducting critical
temperature, 831
Mer unit, 536
Metal alloys, see Alloys
Metallic bonding, 33–34, G7
Metallic glasses, 449, 728
Metallographic examination, 108
Metal-matrix composites, 653–655, G7
Metals, see also Alloys; Crystalline
materials
corrosion, see Corrosion
costs, A31–A33
crystal structure, see Crystal
structures
defined, 5–6, G7
density values, A3–A5
elastic modulus values, 157, A6–A8
as electrical conductors, 724
electrical resistivity values,
A26–A28
electron band structure, 724
fabrication, 417–422
fracture toughness for selected,
246, A16
linear coefficient of thermal
expansion values, 785,
A17–A18
optical properties, 845–846
oxidation, 703–706
Poisson’s ratio for selected, 157, A10
shear moduli, 157
specific heat values, 785, A24–A25