Callister - An introduction - 8th edition

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I8 • Index G Gadolinium, 807 Gallium arsenide: cost, A33 electrical characteristics, 734, 736 for lasers, 860 for light-emitting diodes, 856 Gallium phosphide: electrical characteristics, 734 for light-emitting diodes, 871 Galvanic corrosion, 693–694, G5 Galvanic couples, 678 Galvanic series, 681–682, G5 Galvanized steel, 415, 702, 703 Garnets, 811 Garnet single crystal, 72 Gas constant, 92, G5 Gating system, 419 Gauge length, 153 Gaussian error function, 129 Gecko lizard, 18 Geometrical isomerism, 549, 550 Germanium: crystal structure, 468 electrical characteristics, 734, 740, 777 Gibbs phase rule, 316–318, G5 Gilding metal, 406 Glass: as amorphous material, 79 annealing, 424, 516, G0 blowing, 513, 515 classification, 503 color, 854 commercial; compositions and characteristics, 503 corrosion resistance, 707 cost, A34 dielectric properties, 758 electrical conductivity, 755 flexural strength, 486 forming techniques, 515–516 fracture surface (photomicrograph), 484 hardness, 491 heat treatment, 516–517 melting point, 514 modulus of elasticity, 486 optical flint, 503 plane strain fracture toughness, 246 refractive index, 848 sheet forming (float process), 516 soda-lime, composition, 503 softening point, 514 strain point, 514 stress-strain behavior, 487 structure, 465 surface crack propagation, 481 tempering, 517, 531 thermal properties, 785 viscous properties, 514 working point, 514, G14 Glass-ceramics, 503–505, G5 composition (PyroCeram), 503 continuous cooling transformation diagram, 504 fabrication and heat treating, 518 flexural strength, 486 modulus of elasticity, 486 optical transparency, conditions for, 854 properties and applications, 504 Glass fibers, 513 fiberglass-reinforced composites, 647–648, 650 forming, 516 properties as fiber, 646 Glass transition, polymers, 592 Glass transition temperature, 514, 592, G5 factors that affect, polymers, 594–595 values for selected polymers, 593, A40 Gold, 415 atomic radius and crystal structure, 47 electrical conductivity, 728 slip systems, 203 thermal properties, 785 Graft copolymers, 551, 552, G5 Grain boundaries, 73, 103–104, G5 Grain boundary energy, 103 Grain growth, 224–225, G5 Grains, G5 definition, 72 distortion during plastic deformation, 197, 209–210 Grain size, G5 dependence on time, 225 determination of, 113 mechanical properties and, 212–213, 225 reduction, and strengthening of metals, 212–213 refinement of by annealing, 424 Grain size number (ASTM), 113 Graphite, 469–470 in cast irons, 399 compared to carbon, 646, 648 cost, A34 from decomposition of cementite, 399 electrical conductivity, 755 properties/applications, 470 properties as whisker, 646 as a refractory, 507 structure of, 469 Gray cast iron, 400, 401, 402, G5 compositions, mechanical properties, and applications, 403 Green ceramic bodies, 521, G5 Green design, 877 Ground state, 24, 845, G5 Growth, phase particle, 344, 352–354, G5 rate, 353 temperature dependence of rate, 353 Gutta percha, 549 H Hackle region, 483–485 Half-cells, standard, 678–679 Half-reactions, 676 Hall coefficient, 747 Hall effect, 746–748, G5 Hall-Petch equation, 213 Hall voltage, 747 Halogens, 26 Hard disk drives, 800, 826–827 Hardenability, 425–429, G5 Hardenability band, 430 Hardenability curves, 426–429 Hard magnetic materials, 822–825, G5 properties, 824 Hardness, G5 bainite, pearlite vs. transformation temperature, 373 ceramics, 490–491 comparison of scales, 178–179 conversion diagram, 178 correlation with tensile strength, 179 fine and coarse pearlite, spheroidite, 372 pearlite, martensite, tempered martensite, 374 polymers, 581 tempered martensite, 374, 376, 377 Hardness tests, 174–177 summary of tests, 175 Hard sphere model, 46–47 Head-to-head configuration, 546 Head-to-tail configuration, 547 Heat affected zone, 421 Heat capacity, 782–784, G5 temperature dependence, 784 vibrational contribution, 783 Heat flux, 789 Heat of fusion, latent, 347 Heat transfer: mechanism, 783, 789 nonsteady-state, 798
Heat treatable, definition of, 406 Heat treatments, 123. See also <strong>An</strong>nealing; Phase transformations dislocation reduction, 201 glass, 516–517 hydrogen embrittlement, 700 intergranular corrosion and, 697 polymer morphology, 592 polymer properties, 586 for precipitation hardening, 437–438 recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth during, 218–225 steel, 425–436 Hertz, 843 Heterogeneous nucleation, 350–352 Hexagonal close-packed structure, 49–50, G5 anion stacking (ceramics), 460–461 Burgers vector for, 205 close-packed planes (metals), 69–71 slip systems, 203 twinning in, 211 Hexagonal crystal system, 52, 54 direction indices, 60–63 planar indices, 67–68 Hexagonal ferrites, 811 Hexane, 535 High carbon steels, 396, 397 High-cycle fatigue, 259 High polymers, 544, G5 High-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steels, 394–395, G6 High-temperature superconductors, 830–831 Holes, 725, 733–734, G6 role, diffusion in ionic materials, 476 mobility: influence of dopant concentration on, 742, 743 influence of temperature on, 742, 743 values for selected semiconductors, 734 temperature dependence of concentration (Si, Ge), 740 Homogeneous nucleation, 345–350 Homopolymers, 540, G6 Honeycomb structure, 661–662 Hooke’s law, 156, 574 Hot pressing, 525 Hot working, 222, 417, G6. See also Heat treatments HSLA (high-strength, low-alloy) steels, 394–395, G6 Hybrid composites, 657, G6 Hydration, of cement, 509 Hydrocarbons, 534–535 Hydrogen: diffusive purification, 127, 145, 148 reduction, 684 Hydrogen bonding, 31, 35, 36, G6 water expansion upon freezing, 37 Hydrogen chloride, 36 Hydrogen electrode, 678–679 Hydrogen embrittlement, 699–700, G6 Hydrogen fluoride, 36, 42 Hydrogen induced cracking, 700 Hydrogen stress cracking, 700 Hydroplastic forming, 519, G6 Hydroplasticity, 518 Hydrostatic powder pressing, 523 Hypereutectoid alloys, 327–329, G6 Hypoeutectoid alloys, 324–326, G6 Hysteresis (magnetic), 816–817 Hysteresis, ferromagnetic, G6 soft and hard magnetic materials, 819–820, 822–823 I Ice, 37, 281, 286, 301, 340, 342 Impact energy, 251, G6 fine pearlite, 371 temperature dependence: high-strength materials, 254 low-strength FCC and HCP metals, 254 low-strength steels, 253, 254 Impact fracture testing, 250–254 Impact strength, polymers, 580 Imperfections, see Defects; Dislocations Impurities: in ceramics, 475–476 diffusion, 124 electrical resistivity, 729–730 in metals, 93–95 thermal conductivity, 790 Incongruent phase transformation, 315 Index of refraction, 846–847, G6 selected materials, 848 Indices, Miller, 63–64, G8 Indium antimonide, electrical characteristics, 734 Induced dipoles, 35 Inert gases, 26 Inhibitors, 701, G6 Initial permeability, 815 Injection molding, 613 Insulators (electrical), G6. See also Dielectric materials Index • I9 ceramics and polymers as, 754–756, 765 color, 853–854 defined, 722 electron band structure, 724, 726 translucency and opacity, 854–855 Integrated circuits, 753–754, G6 interconnects, 140–141 scanning electron micrograph, 719, 754 Interatomic bonding, 30–34 Interatomic separation, 28, 29 Interconnects, integrated circuits, 140–141 Interdiffusion, 124, G6 Interfacial defects, 102–106 Interfacial energies, 106 for heterogeneous nucleation, 351 Intergranular corrosion, 696–697, G6 Intergranular fracture, 241, G6 Intermediate solid solutions, 311, 314, G6 Intermetallic compounds, 311, 439, G6 Interplanar spacing, cubic crystals, 76 Interstitial diffusion, 125, 126, G6 Interstitial impurity defects, 94, 95 Interstitials: in ceramics, 472 in polymers, 558 self-, 93, G11 Interstitial solid solutions, 94, 474, G6 Intrinsic carrier concentration, 734 temperature dependence for Si and Ge, 740 Intrinsic conductivity, 734–735 Intrinsic semiconductors, 733–736, G6 Invar, Material of Importance, 788 thermal properties, 785 Invariant point, 299, G6 Inverse lever rule, see Lever rule Inverse spinel structure, 809–810 Ion cores, 33 Ionic bonding, 30–31, G6 in ceramics, 453 Ionic character (percent), 33, 453 Ionic conduction, 476, 722, 755–756 Ionic polarization, 763, G9 Ionic radii, 454, 456 Iridium, 415
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Characteristics of Selected Element
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With WileyPLUS: This online teachin
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E IGHTH E DITION Materials Science
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Dedicated to our wives, Nancy and E
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viii • Preface FEATURES THAT ARE
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x • Preface 2. Answers to Concept
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Appreciation is expressed to those
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xiv • Contents 3. The Structure o
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xvi • Contents 9.12 Development o
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xviii • Contents 15.14 Factors Th
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xx • Contents 21.14 Optical Fiber
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xxii • List of Symbols HK Knoop
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Chapter 1 Introduction A familiar i
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1.2 Materials Science and Engineeri
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1.4 Classification of Materials •
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1.5 Advanced Materials • 11 aeros
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1.6 Modern Materials’ Needs • 1
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STEELS Processing Diffusion ➣ Rec
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Question • 17 REFERENCES Ashby, M
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WHY STUDY Atomic Structure and Inte
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2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 21 Orbit
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2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 23 Table
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2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 25 Table
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2.4 The Periodic Table • 27 Metal
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2.5 Bonding Forces and Energies •
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2.6 Primary Interatomic Bonds • 3
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2.6 Primary Interatomic Bonds • 3
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2.7 Secondary Bonding or van der Wa
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2.7 Secondary Bonding or van der Wa
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Summary • 39 Primary Interatomic
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Questions and Problems • 41 QUEST
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Questions and Problems • 43 Sprea
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WHY STUDY The Structure of Crystall
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lattice 3.4 Metallic Crystal Struct
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3.4 Metallic Crystal Structures •
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3.5 Density Computations • 51 EXA
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3.7 Crystal Systems • 53 Another
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3.8 Point Coordinates • 55 Concep
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3.9 Crystallographic Directions •
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3.10 Crystallographic Planes • 63
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3.12 Close-Packed Crystal Structure
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3.12 Close-Packed Crystal Structure
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3.15 Anisotropy • 73 (a) (b) grai
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3.16 X-Ray Diffraction: Determinati
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0° 3.16 X-Ray Diffraction: Determi
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3.17 Noncrystalline Solids • 79 (
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Summary • 81 Point Coordinates Cr
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Processing/Structure/Properties/Per
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Questions and Problems • 85 118.7
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Questions and Problems • 89 Inten
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WHY STUDY Imperfections in Solids?
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self-interstitial increases exponen
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2. Crystal structure. For appreciab
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4.4 Specification of Composition
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4.5 Dislocations—Linear Defects
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4.5 Dislocations—Linear Defects
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4.6 Interfacial Defects • 103 Ang
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4.6 Interfacial Defects • 105 MAT
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the order of 10 13 vibrations per s
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4.10 Microscopic Techniques • 109
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4.10 Microscopic Techniques • 111
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4.11 GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATION grain
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Summary • 115 Specification of Co
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Summary • 117 List of Symbols Sym
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Questions and Problems • 119 (a)
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Design Problems • 121 (a) at a ma
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WHY Study Diffusion? Materials of a
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5.2 Diffusion Mechanisms • 125 se
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5.3 Steady-State Diffusion • 127
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5.4 Nonsteady-State Diffusion • 1
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5.4 Nonsteady-State Diffusion • 1
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5.5 Factors That Influence Diffusio
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5.5 Factors That Influence Diffusio
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5.6 Diffusion in Semiconducting Mat
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is only an approximation), then the
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5.6 Diffusion in Semiconducting Mat
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Summary • 143 Diffusion in Semico
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Questions and Problems • 145 QUES
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Diffusion coefficient (m 2 /s) 10 -
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Design Problems • 149 the process
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WHY STUDY The Mechanical Properties
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6.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain
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6.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain
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6.3 Stress-Strain Behavior • 157
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6.4 Anelasticity • 159 Figure 6.8
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6.5 Elastic Properties Of Materials
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6.6 Tensile Properties • 163 Figu
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6.6 Tensile Properties • 165 in F
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6.6 Tensile Properties • 167 Brit
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6.6 Tensile Properties • 169 y F
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6.7 True Stress and Strain • 171
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6.9 Compressive, Shear, and Torsion
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Table 6.5 Hardness-Testing Techniqu
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Brinell Hardness Tests 15 6.10 Hard
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6.10 Hardness • 179 are contained
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6.11 Variability Of Material Proper
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6.12 Design/Safety Factors • 183
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Summary • 185 • For an isotropi
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Summary • 187 6.15 s T F True st
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Questions and Problems • 189 a lo
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Questions and Problems • 191 tens
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Questions and Problems • 193 modu
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Design Problems • 195 (a) Determi
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Chapter 7 Dislocations and Strength
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Dislocations and Plastic Deformatio
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7.3 Characteristics of Dislocations
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7.4 Slip Systems • 203 D B A (a)
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7.5 Slip in Single Crystals • 205
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7.5 Slip in Single Crystals • 207
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7.6 Plastic Deformation of Polycrys
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7.7 Deformation by Twinning • 211
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7.9 Solid-Solution Strengthening
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7.10 Strain Hardening • 215 (a) (
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7.10 Strain Hardening • 217 600 2
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7.11 RECOVERY recovery 7.12 RECRYST
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7.12 Recrystallization • 221 (e)
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7.12 Recrystallization • 223 DESI
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Summary • 225 Figure 7.25 The log
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Summary • 227 Strain Hardening
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Questions and Problems • 229 Iron
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Questions and Problems • 231 and
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Design Problems • 233 Spreadsheet
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WHY STUDY Failure? The design of a
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8.3 Ductile Fracture • 237 Figure
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8.4 Brittle Fracture • 239 8.4 BR
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8.4 Brittle Fracture • 241 SEM Mi
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8.5 Principles of Fracture Mechanic
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8.6 Fracture Toughness Testing •
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8.6 Fracture Toughness Testing •
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8.7 Cyclic Stresses • 255 Most ce
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8.8 The S-N Curve • 257 fatigue l
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8.9 Crack Initiation and Propagatio
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8.9 Crack Initiation and Propagatio
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8.10 Factors that Affect Fatigue Li
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8.12 Generalized Creep Behavior •
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8.13 Stress and Temperature Effects
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8.15 Alloys For High-Temperature Us
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Summary • 271 Ductile Fracture
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Summary • 273 • The presence of
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fatigue limit fatigue strength frac
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Questions and Problems • 277 Cycl
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Design Problems • 279 8.31 A cyli
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Chapter 9 Phase Diagrams The graph
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Definitions and Basic Concepts 9.2
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9.5 PHASE EQUILIBRIA equilibrium fr
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phases is along curve aO—likewise
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9.8 Interpretation of Phase Diagram
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9.9 Development of Microstructure i
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9.10 Mechanical Properties of Isomo
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9.11 Binary Eutectic Systems • 29
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9.12 Development of Microstructure
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9.13 Equilibrium Diagrams Having In
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9.14 Eutectoid and Peritectic React
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9.15 Congruent Phase Transformation
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9.17 The Gibbs Phase Rule • 317 F
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The Iron-Carbon System 9.18 The Iro
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9.18 The Iron-Iron Carbide (Fe-Fe 3
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Summary • 331 SUMMARY Introductio
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Summary • 333 Development of Micr
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Questions and Problems • 335 Impo
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Questions and Problems • 337 (b)
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Questions and Problems • 339 Figu
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WHY STUDY Phase Transformations? Th
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10.3 The Kinetics of Phase Transfor
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10.4 Metastable versus Equilibrium
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10.5 Isothermal Transformation Diag
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10.6 Continuous Cooling Transformat
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10.6 Continuous Cooling Transformat
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10.7 Mechanical Behavior of Iron-Ca
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10.7 Mechanical Behavior of Iron-Ca
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10.8 TEMPERED MARTENSITE In the as-
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10.8 Tempered Martensite • 377 (b
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10.9 Review of Phase Transformation
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Summary • 381 Figure 10.37. Of co
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Summary • 383 Spheroidite—is co
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Questions and Problems • 385 Stee
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Questions and Problems • 389 (c)
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Chapter 11 Applications and Process
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 393 Types o
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 395 Table 1
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 397 Table 1
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 399 is exte
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 401 (c) 20
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Table 11.5 Designations, Minimum Me
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 405 is pres
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11.3 Nonferrous Alloys • 407 Tabl
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Table 11.9 Compositions, Mechanical
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11.3 Nonferrous Alloys • 415 or n
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11.4 Forming Operations • 417 Met
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11.5 Casting • 419 that have rath
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11.6 Miscellaneous Techniques • 4
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11.7 Annealing Processes • 423 ox
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modification of mechanical properti
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11.8 Heat Treatment of Steels • 4
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11.9 Precipitation Hardening • 43
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Summary • 443 Forming Operations
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Summary • 445 PROCESSING Recrysta
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Questions and Problems • 447 REFE
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Design Problems • 449 and temperi
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Chapter 12 Structures and Propertie
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 453 Con
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 455 Tab
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 457 Fur
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 459 VMS
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 461 Tet
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 463 EXA
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12.3 Silicate Ceramics • 465 Si 4
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12.3 Silicate Ceramics • 467 Figu
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12.4 Carbon • 469 Figure 12.16 Sc
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Another molecular form of carbon ha
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12.5 Imperfections in Ceramics •
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12.5 Imperfections in Ceramics •
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12.7 Ceramic Phase Diagrams • 477
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12.7 Ceramic Phase Diagrams • 479
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12.8 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics
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12.8 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics
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flexural strength Flexural strength
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12.10 Mechanisms of Plastic Deforma
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viscosities at ambient temperatures
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Summary • 491 Table 12.6 Vickers
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Summary • 493 • Diagrams for Al
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Questions and Problems • 495 visc
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Questions and Problems • 497 does
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Questions and Problems • 499 Stre
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Chapter 13 Applications and Process
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13.3 Glass-Ceramics • 503 Ceramic
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13.5 Refractories • 505 Glass-cer
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13.6 Abrasives • 507 (2910F). Thu
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13.8 Advanced Ceramics • 509 Seve
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13.8 Advanced Ceramics • 511 opti
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13.9 Fabrication and Processing of
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13.11 Powder Pressing • 523 a sca
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13.12 Tape Casting • 525 Figure 1
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Summary • 527 • Requirements fo
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Summary • 529 This chapter also d
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13.12 Compare the softening points
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WHY STUDY Polymer Structures? A rel
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14.3 Polymer Molecules • 535 Tabl
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14.4 The Chemistry of Polymer Molec
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14.4 The Chemistry of Polymer Molec
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Figure 14.3 Hypothetical polymer mo
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14.5 Molecular Weight • 543 Table
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14.7 Molecular Structure • 545 Fi
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14.8 Molecular Configurations • 5
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14.8 Molecular Configurations • 5
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14.10 Copolymers • 551 adjacent c
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14.11 Polymer Crystallinity • 553
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For copolymers, as a general rule,
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14.12 Polymer Crystals • 557 ~ 10
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14.14 Diffusion in Polymeric Materi
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Summary • 561 PET is permeable to
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Equation Summary Summary • 563 Po
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Important Terms and Concepts Questi
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Questions and Problems • 567 age
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Chapter 15 Characteristics, Applica
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15.2 Stress-Strain Behavior • 571
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15.3 Macroscopic Deformation • 57
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15.4 Viscoelastic Deformation • 5
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15.4 Viscoelastic Deformation • 5
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15.5 Fracture of Polymers • 579 F
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15.7 Deformation of Semicrystalline
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t 0 t t 0 t 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 (a) (
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15.8 Factors That Influence the Mec
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15.8 Factors That Influence the Mec
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15.9 Deformation of Elastomers •
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15.10 Crystallization • 591 Norma
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15.13 Melting and Glass Transition
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15.14 Factors That Influence Meltin
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15.15 Plastics • 597 Table 15.3 (
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15.16 Elastomers • 599 ing phenol
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15.18 Miscellaneous Applications
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15.19 Advanced Polymeric Materials
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15.19 Advanced Polymeric Materials
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The tensile modulus of this TPE mat
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15.20 Polymerization • 609 Additi
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15.22 Forming Techniques for Plasti
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15.22 Forming Techniques for Plasti
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15.24 Fabrication of Fibers and Fil
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Factors That Influence the Mechanic
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Summary • 619 Equation Summary Eq
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Questions and Problems • 621 McCr
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Questions and Problems • 623 Tens
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Design Questions • 625 Elastomers
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3.1 Hardness • 627 WHY STUDY Comp
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16.1 Introduction • 629 Dispersed
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16.2 Large-Particle Composites •
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16.2 Large-Particle Composites •
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Critical fiber length—dependence
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16.5 Influence of Fiber Orientation
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ut, because s/E, 16.5 Influence o
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16.6 The Fiber Phase • 645 Applic
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eactions with the environment. Such
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16.8 Polymer-Matrix Composites •
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16.8 Polymer-Matrix Composites •
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16.9 Metal-Matrix Composites • 65
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The high-temperature creep and rupt
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16.12 HYBRID COMPOSITES hybrid comp
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16.13 Processing of Fiber-Reinforce
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16.15 Sandwich Panels • 661 Figur
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Summary • 663 they remain separat
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Summary • 665 When l l c , Equat
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References • 667 List of Symbols
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Design Problems • 671 to be align
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Chapter 17 Corrosion and Degradatio
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Corrosion of Metals 17.2 Electroche
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17.2 Electrochemical Considerations
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Page 709 and 710:
Page 711 and 712:
17.4 Prediction of Corrosion Rates
Page 713 and 714:
Page 715 and 716:
Page 717 and 718:
Page 719 and 720:
17.5 Passivity • 691 to further c
Page 721 and 722:
17.7 Forms of Corrosion • 693 sur
Page 723 and 724:
17.7 Forms of Corrosion • 695 Fig
Page 725 and 726:
Page 727 and 728:
Page 729 and 730:
sodium chloride. Dilute sulfuric ac
Page 731 and 732:
17.10 Oxidation • 703 Zinc coatin
Page 733 and 734:
17.10 Oxidation • 705 Table 17.3
Page 735 and 736:
Ceramic materials are frequently us
Page 737 and 738:
17.12 Bond Rupture • 709 17.12 BO
Page 739 and 740:
Summary • 711 marily a result of
Page 741 and 742:
Summary • 713 Corrosion Preventio
Page 743 and 744:
Questions and Problems • 715 REFE
Page 745 and 746:
Page 747 and 748:
Chapter 18 Electrical Properties (b
Page 749 and 750:
18.3 Electrical Conductivity • 72
Page 751 and 752:
18.5 Energy Band Structures in Soli
Page 753 and 754:
valence band conduction band energy
Page 755 and 756:
covalent) and relatively weak, whic
Page 757 and 758:
18.8 Electrical Resistivity of Meta
Page 759 and 760:
18.9 Electrical Characteristics of
Page 761 and 762:
18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 763 and 764:
18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 765 and 766:
18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 767 and 768:
18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 769 and 770:
18.12 The Temperature Dependence of
Page 771 and 772:
18.13 Factors That Affect Carrier M
Page 773 and 774:
DESIGN EXAMPLE 18.1 Acceptor Impuri
Page 775 and 776:
18.14 The Hall Effect • 747 Depen
Page 777 and 778:
18.15 Semiconductor Devices • 749
Page 779 and 780:
Page 781 and 782:
Page 783 and 784:
18.16 Conduction in Ionic Materials
Page 785 and 786:
ands that overlap the valence and c
Page 787 and 788:
18.19 Field Vectors and Polarizatio
Page 789 and 790:
18.19 Field Vectors and Polarizatio
Page 791 and 792:
ionic polarization Electric dipole
Page 793 and 794:
18.23 Dielectric Materials • 765
Page 795 and 796:
Summary • 767 + + + + + + + + +
Page 797 and 798:
Summary • 769 • With these mate
Page 799 and 800:
Summary • 771 18.11 r i Ac i 11
Page 801 and 802:
Summary • 773 One common use for
Page 803 and 804:
Questions and Problems • 775 Elec
Page 805 and 806:
Questions and Problems • 777 The
Page 807 and 808:
Design Problems • 779 DESIGN PROB
Page 809 and 810:
Chapter 19 Thermal Properties (a) (
Page 811 and 812:
19.2 Heat Capacity • 783 Figure 1
Page 813 and 814:
19.3 Thermal Expansion • 785 Tabl
Page 815 and 816:
19.3 Thermal Expansion • 787 For
Page 817 and 818:
19.4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Thermal c
Page 819 and 820:
19.4 Thermal Conductivity • 791 F
Page 821 and 822:
19.5 Thermal Stresses • 793 speci
Page 823 and 824:
Summary • 795 • Coefficient-of-
Page 825 and 826:
Page 827 and 828:
Design Problems • 799 rod be fabr
Page 829 and 830:
WHY STUDY the Magnetic Properties o
Page 831 and 832:
20.2 Basic Concepts • 803 I B 0 =
Page 833 and 834:
20.3 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism
Page 835 and 836:
20.4 Ferromagnetism • 807 Table 2
Page 837 and 838:
20.5 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrima
Page 839 and 840:
20.5 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrima
Page 841 and 842:
20.6 The Influence of Temperature o
Page 843 and 844:
20.7 Domains and Hysteresis • 815
Page 845 and 846:
20.7 Domains and Hysteresis • 817
Page 847 and 848:
20.9 Soft Magnetic Materials • 81
Page 849 and 850:
20.9 Soft Magnetic Materials • 82
Page 851 and 852:
20.10 Hard Magnetic Materials • 8
Page 853 and 854:
20.11 Magnetic Storage • 825 requ
Page 855 and 856:
20.11 Magnetic Storage • 827 Figu
Page 857 and 858:
20.12 Superconductivity • 829 Ele
Page 859 and 860:
20.12 Superconductivity • 831 Tab
Page 861 and 862:
Summary • 833 • For cubic ferri
Page 863 and 864:
Questions and Problems • 835 List
Page 865 and 866:
Questions and Problems • 837 with
Page 867 and 868:
Design Problems • 839 H C 1T 2 H
Page 869 and 870:
WHY STUDY the Optical Properties of
Page 871 and 872:
21.3 Light Interactions with Solids
Page 873 and 874:
21.4 Atomic and Electronic Interact
Page 875 and 876:
21.5 Refraction • 847 Velocity of
Page 877 and 878:
21.7 ABSORPTION Nonmetallic materia
Page 879 and 880:
21.7 Absorption • 851 Reaction de
Page 881 and 882:
21.9 Color • 853 21.9 COLOR color
Page 883 and 884:
21.11 Luminescence • 855 Figure 2
Page 885 and 886:
21.11 Luminescence • 857 n- and p
Page 887 and 888:
21.13 Lasers • 859 Ruby Flash lam
Page 889 and 890:
21.13 Lasers • 861 Partially refl
Page 891 and 892:
21.4 Optical Fibers in Communicatio
Page 893 and 894:
Summary • 865 Input impulse Outpu
Page 895 and 896:
Summary • 867 Transparent nonmeta
Page 897 and 898:
Questions and Problems • 869 Impo
Page 899 and 900:
Design Problem • 871 fiber glass
Page 901 and 902:
WHY STUDY Economic, Environmental,
Page 903 and 904:
Environmental and Societal Consider
Page 905 and 906:
Environmental and Societal Consider
Page 907 and 908:
22.5 Recycling Issues in Materials
Page 909 and 910:
Page 911 and 912:
Page 913:
Design Questions • 885 Environmen
Page 916 and 917:
A2 • Appendix A / The Internation
Page 918 and 919:
A4 • Appendix B / Properties of S
Page 920 and 921:
Page 922 and 923:
Page 924 and 925:
A10 • Appendix B / Properties of
Page 926 and 927:
Page 928 and 929:
Page 930 and 931:
Page 932 and 933:
Page 934 and 935: A20 • Appendix B / Properties of
Page 946 and 947: A32 • Appendix C / Costs and Rela
Page 948 and 949: A34 • Appendix C / Costs and Rela
Page 950 and 951: Appendix D Repeat Unit Structures f
Page 952 and 953: A38 • Appendix D / Repeat Unit St
Page 954 and 955: Appendix E Glass Transition and Mel
Page 956 and 957: G2 • Glossary atomic mass units (
Page 958 and 959: G4 • Glossary according to unit c
Page 960 and 961: G6 • Glossary Fick’s first law.
Page 962 and 963: G8 • Glossary J Jominy end-quench
Page 964 and 965: G10 • Glossary alternating layers
Page 966 and 967: G12 • Glossary stock; also, elong
Page 968 and 969: G14 • Glossary tempered martensit
Page 970 and 971: Answers to Selected Problems Chapte
Page 972 and 973: S2 • Answers to Selected Problems
Page 974: S4 • Answers to Selected Problems
Page 977 and 978: plane strain fracture toughness, 24
Page 979 and 980: Clay, characteristics, 518-519 Clay
Page 981 and 982: Die casting, 419 Dielectric breakdo
Page 983: Fatigue life, 258, G4 factors that
Page 987 and 988: modulus of elasticity, 486 thermal
Page 989 and 990: Nanotubes, carbon, 13, 471 Natural
Page 991 and 992: fatigue behavior (PET), 580 magneti
Page 993 and 994: single crystal, 451 structure of, 4
Page 995 and 996: Stabilized zirconia, 478, 655 Stabi
Page 997 and 998: Transparency, 844, G13 Transverse b
Page 999 and 1000: Power 1 W 0.239 cal/s 1 cal/s 4.1
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Callister - An introduction - 8th edition

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