Callister - An introduction - 8th edition

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Index Page numbers preceded by a “A” or a “G” refer to the appendices and the glossary, respectively. A Abrasive ceramics, 503, 507, 527 Abrasives, G0 Absorption coefficient, 851, 868 Absorption of light: in metals, 845–846 in nonmetals, 846–847 Absorptivity, 844 ABS polymer, 596 A m B n X p crystal structures, 459 Acceptors, 739, G0 Acetic acid, 536 Acetylene, 534 Acid rain, as corrosion environment, 701 Acids (organic), 536 Acid slags, 507 Acrylics, see Poly(methyl methacrylate) Acrylonitrile, see Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, 600 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), 596 Activation energy, G0 for creep, 268, 274 for diffusion, 133, 143, 348 free, 347, 351, 383, 384 for viscous flow, 531 Activation polarization, 684–685, 712, G0 Actuator, 11–12, 509 Addition polymerization, 607–608, 681, G0 Additives, polymer, 610–611, 618 Adhesives, 602, 618, G0 Adhesive tape, 18 Adipic acid (structure), 610 Adsorption, 105 Advanced ceramics, 503, 509–512, 527 Advanced materials, 11–12 Advanced polymers, 603–607, 618 Age hardening, see Precipitation hardening Air, as quenching medium, 430 AISI/SAE steel designation scheme, 395–396 Akermanite, 466 Alcohols, 536 Aldehydes, 536 Alkali metals, 26, 38 Alkaline earth metals, 26 Allotropic transformation (tin), 53 Allotropy, 52, G0 Alloys, 5, 393, G0. See also Solid solutions; specific alloys atomic weight equations, 97 cast, 406 composition specification, 95–96 compositions for various, A29–A30 costs, A31–A33 defined, 94 density equations, 97 density values, A3–A5 ductility values, A11–A13 electrical resistivity values, A26–A28 fracture toughness values, A16 heat treatable, 408 high-temperature, 269–270 linear coefficient of thermal expansion values, 785, A17–A18 low expansion, 788 modulus of elasticity values, 157, A6–A8 Poisson’s ratio values, 157, A10 specific heat values, 785, A24–A25 strengthening, see Strengthening of metals tensile strength values, 168, A11–A13 thermal conductivity values, 785, A21–A22 wrought, 406 yield strength values, 168, A11–A13 Alloy steels, 364, 383, G0. See also Steels Alnico, 823, 824 Iron, see Ferrite () Alternating copolymers, 551, 552, G0 Alumina, 7. See also Aluminum oxide Aluminosilicates, 518 Aluminum: atomic radius and crystal structure, 47 bonding energy and melting temperature, 31 elastic and shear moduli, 157 electrical conductivity, 728 electrical wires, 731–732 for integrated circuit interconnects, 140–141 Poisson’s ratio, 157 recrystallization temperature, 222 slip systems, 203 superconducting critical temperature, 831 thermal properties, 785 yield and tensile strengths, ductility, 168 Aluminum alloys, 408–410 fatigue behavior, 277 plane strain fracture toughness, 246 precipitation hardening, 439–440 properties and applications, 409 Aluminum-copper alloys, phase diagram, 439 Aluminum-lithium alloys, 409, 410 Aluminum oxide: electrical conductivity, 755 flexural strength, 486 hardness, 491 index of refraction, 848 modulus of elasticity, 486 I0 •
plane strain fracture toughness, 246 Poisson’s ratio, A10 sintered microstructure, 525 stress-strain behavior, 487 thermal properties, 785 translucency, 4, 855 as whiskers and fibers, 646 Aluminum oxide-chromium oxide phase diagram, 477 Ammonia, bonding energy and melting temperature, 31 Amorphous materials, 46, 79, G0 Anelasticity, 159, G0 Angle computation between two crystallographic directions, 207 Anions, 453, G0 Anisotropy, 73–74, 81, G0 of elastic modulus, 74, 161, 189 magnetic, 74, 818–819 Annealing, 368, 422–424, 443, G0 ferrous alloys, 423–424, 443 glass, 516 Annealing point, glass, 514, 527, G0 Annealing twins, 106 Anodes, 675, 711, G0 area effect, galvanic corrosion, 694 sacrificial, 702, G11 Antiferromagnetism, 809, 832, G0 temperature dependence, 813 Aramid: cost, as a fiber, A35 fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites, 649 melting and glass transition temperatures, A40 properties as fiber, 646 repeat unit structure, 649, A38 Argon, bonding energy and melting temperature, 31 Aromatic hydrocarbons (chain groups), 536, 595 Arrhenius equation, 353 Artificial aging, 442, G0 Asphaltic concrete, 632 ASTM standards, 152 Atactic configuration, 548, G0 Athermal transformation, 364, G0 Atomic bonding, see Bonding Atomic mass, 20 Atomic mass unit (amu), 20, G0 Atomic models: Bohr, 21, 22, G1 wave-mechanical, 22, G14 Atomic number, 20, G0 Atomic packing factor, 48, G0 Atomic point defects, 92, 472–474 Atomic radii, of selected metals, 47 Atomic structure, 19–27 Atomic vibrations, 106–107, 783–784, G0 Atomic weight, 20, G0 metal alloys, equations for, 97 Atom percent, 96, G1 Austenite, 319, 332, G1 shape-memory phase transformations, 379–380 transformations, 356–370, 382 summary, 378 Austenitic stainless steels, 397–398 Austenitizing, 424, G1 Automobiles, rusted and stainless steel, 673 Automobile transmission, 122 Auxetic materials, 160 Average value, 180–181 Avogadro’s number, 20 Avrami equation, 355, 382, 591 AX crystal structures, 457–458 A m X p crystal structures, 458–459 B Bainite, 360–361, 368, 373, 378, 382, G1 mechanical properties, 373 Bakelite, see Phenol-formaldehyde (Bakelite) Ball bearings, ceramic, 511 Band gap, 724–725 Band gap energy, G1 determination, 776 selected semiconductors, 734 Bands, see Energy bands Barcol hardness, 581 Barium ferrite (as magnetic storage medium), 828 Barium titanate: crystal structure, 459, 460, 766 as dielectric, 765 as ferroelectric, 766 as piezoelectric, 512, 767 Base (transistor), 750–751 Basic refractories, 507 Basic slags, 507 Beachmarks (fatigue), 259–260 Bend strength, 485. See also flexural strength Beryllia, 507 Beryllium-copper alloys, 408 Beverage containers, 1, 197, 391, 872, 885 corrosion of, 872 diffusion rate of CO 2 through, plastic, 560–561 stages of production, 391 Bifunctional repeat units, 540, 562, G1 Index • I1 Billiard balls, 569, 598–599 Bimetallic strips, 781, 788 Binary eutectic alloys, 298–311, 332 tensile strength, 338 Binary isomorphous alloys, 287–298, 331 mechanical properties, 297–298 microstructure development, equilibrium cooling, 294–295 microstructure development, nonequilibrium cooling, 295–297 Biodegradable beverage can, 872 Biodegradable polymers/plastics, 872, 881–883 Biomass, 882 Biomaterials, 11 Biorenewable polymers/plastics, 881–883 Block copolymers, 551–552, G1 Blowing, of glass, 515 Blow molding, plastics, 613–614 Body-centered cubic structure, 48–49, G1 Burgers vector for, 204 slip systems, 203 twinning in, 211 Bohr atomic model, 21, 22, G1 Bohr magneton, 805, G1 Boltzmann’s constant, 92, G1 Bonding: carbon-carbon, 537–538 cementitious, 508 covalent, 32–33, 453, G2 hybrid sp, 25, 26 hydrogen, 35, 36, 37, G6 ionic, 30–31, 453, G6 metallic, 33–34, G7 van der Waals, see van der Waals bonding Bonding energy, 29, G1 and melting temperature for selected materials, 31 Bonding forces, 28–29 Bond rupture, in polymers, 709–710 Bone: as composite, 628 Boron carbide: hardness, 491 Boron: boron-doped silicon semiconductors, 738 fiber-reinforced composites, 654 properties as a fiber, 646 Borosilicate glass: composition, 503 electrical conductivity, 755 viscosity, 514
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Characteristics of Selected Element
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With WileyPLUS: This online teachin
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E IGHTH E DITION Materials Science
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Dedicated to our wives, Nancy and E
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viii • Preface FEATURES THAT ARE
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x • Preface 2. Answers to Concept
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Appreciation is expressed to those
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xiv • Contents 3. The Structure o
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xvi • Contents 9.12 Development o
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xviii • Contents 15.14 Factors Th
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xx • Contents 21.14 Optical Fiber
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xxii • List of Symbols HK Knoop
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Chapter 1 Introduction A familiar i
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1.2 Materials Science and Engineeri
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1.4 Classification of Materials •
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1.5 Advanced Materials • 11 aeros
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1.6 Modern Materials’ Needs • 1
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STEELS Processing Diffusion ➣ Rec
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Question • 17 REFERENCES Ashby, M
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WHY STUDY Atomic Structure and Inte
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2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 21 Orbit
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2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 23 Table
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2.3 Electrons in Atoms • 25 Table
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2.4 The Periodic Table • 27 Metal
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2.5 Bonding Forces and Energies •
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2.6 Primary Interatomic Bonds • 3
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2.6 Primary Interatomic Bonds • 3
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2.7 Secondary Bonding or van der Wa
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2.7 Secondary Bonding or van der Wa
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Summary • 39 Primary Interatomic
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Questions and Problems • 41 QUEST
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Questions and Problems • 43 Sprea
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WHY STUDY The Structure of Crystall
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lattice 3.4 Metallic Crystal Struct
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3.4 Metallic Crystal Structures •
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3.5 Density Computations • 51 EXA
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3.7 Crystal Systems • 53 Another
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3.8 Point Coordinates • 55 Concep
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3.9 Crystallographic Directions •
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3.10 Crystallographic Planes • 63
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3.12 Close-Packed Crystal Structure
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3.12 Close-Packed Crystal Structure
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3.15 Anisotropy • 73 (a) (b) grai
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3.16 X-Ray Diffraction: Determinati
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0° 3.16 X-Ray Diffraction: Determi
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3.17 Noncrystalline Solids • 79 (
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Summary • 81 Point Coordinates Cr
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Processing/Structure/Properties/Per
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Questions and Problems • 85 118.7
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Questions and Problems • 89 Inten
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WHY STUDY Imperfections in Solids?
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self-interstitial increases exponen
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2. Crystal structure. For appreciab
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4.4 Specification of Composition
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4.5 Dislocations—Linear Defects
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4.5 Dislocations—Linear Defects
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4.6 Interfacial Defects • 103 Ang
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4.6 Interfacial Defects • 105 MAT
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the order of 10 13 vibrations per s
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4.10 Microscopic Techniques • 109
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4.10 Microscopic Techniques • 111
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4.11 GRAIN SIZE DETERMINATION grain
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Summary • 115 Specification of Co
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Summary • 117 List of Symbols Sym
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Questions and Problems • 119 (a)
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Design Problems • 121 (a) at a ma
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WHY Study Diffusion? Materials of a
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5.2 Diffusion Mechanisms • 125 se
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5.3 Steady-State Diffusion • 127
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5.4 Nonsteady-State Diffusion • 1
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5.4 Nonsteady-State Diffusion • 1
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5.5 Factors That Influence Diffusio
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5.5 Factors That Influence Diffusio
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5.6 Diffusion in Semiconducting Mat
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is only an approximation), then the
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5.6 Diffusion in Semiconducting Mat
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Summary • 143 Diffusion in Semico
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Questions and Problems • 145 QUES
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Diffusion coefficient (m 2 /s) 10 -
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Design Problems • 149 the process
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WHY STUDY The Mechanical Properties
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6.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain
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6.2 Concepts of Stress and Strain
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6.3 Stress-Strain Behavior • 157
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6.4 Anelasticity • 159 Figure 6.8
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6.5 Elastic Properties Of Materials
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6.6 Tensile Properties • 163 Figu
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6.6 Tensile Properties • 165 in F
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6.6 Tensile Properties • 167 Brit
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6.6 Tensile Properties • 169 y F
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6.7 True Stress and Strain • 171
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6.9 Compressive, Shear, and Torsion
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Table 6.5 Hardness-Testing Techniqu
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Brinell Hardness Tests 15 6.10 Hard
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6.10 Hardness • 179 are contained
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6.11 Variability Of Material Proper
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6.12 Design/Safety Factors • 183
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Summary • 185 • For an isotropi
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Summary • 187 6.15 s T F True st
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Questions and Problems • 189 a lo
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Questions and Problems • 191 tens
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Questions and Problems • 193 modu
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Design Problems • 195 (a) Determi
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Chapter 7 Dislocations and Strength
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Dislocations and Plastic Deformatio
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7.3 Characteristics of Dislocations
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7.4 Slip Systems • 203 D B A (a)
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7.5 Slip in Single Crystals • 205
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7.5 Slip in Single Crystals • 207
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7.6 Plastic Deformation of Polycrys
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7.7 Deformation by Twinning • 211
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7.9 Solid-Solution Strengthening
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7.10 Strain Hardening • 215 (a) (
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7.10 Strain Hardening • 217 600 2
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7.11 RECOVERY recovery 7.12 RECRYST
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7.12 Recrystallization • 221 (e)
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7.12 Recrystallization • 223 DESI
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Summary • 225 Figure 7.25 The log
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Summary • 227 Strain Hardening
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Questions and Problems • 229 Iron
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Questions and Problems • 231 and
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Design Problems • 233 Spreadsheet
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WHY STUDY Failure? The design of a
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8.3 Ductile Fracture • 237 Figure
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8.4 Brittle Fracture • 239 8.4 BR
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8.4 Brittle Fracture • 241 SEM Mi
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8.5 Principles of Fracture Mechanic
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8.6 Fracture Toughness Testing •
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8.6 Fracture Toughness Testing •
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8.7 Cyclic Stresses • 255 Most ce
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8.8 The S-N Curve • 257 fatigue l
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8.9 Crack Initiation and Propagatio
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8.9 Crack Initiation and Propagatio
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8.10 Factors that Affect Fatigue Li
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8.12 Generalized Creep Behavior •
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8.13 Stress and Temperature Effects
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8.15 Alloys For High-Temperature Us
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Summary • 271 Ductile Fracture
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Summary • 273 • The presence of
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fatigue limit fatigue strength frac
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Questions and Problems • 277 Cycl
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Design Problems • 279 8.31 A cyli
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Chapter 9 Phase Diagrams The graph
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Definitions and Basic Concepts 9.2
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9.5 PHASE EQUILIBRIA equilibrium fr
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phases is along curve aO—likewise
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9.8 Interpretation of Phase Diagram
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9.9 Development of Microstructure i
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9.10 Mechanical Properties of Isomo
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9.11 Binary Eutectic Systems • 29
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9.12 Development of Microstructure
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9.13 Equilibrium Diagrams Having In
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9.14 Eutectoid and Peritectic React
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9.15 Congruent Phase Transformation
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9.17 The Gibbs Phase Rule • 317 F
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The Iron-Carbon System 9.18 The Iro
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9.18 The Iron-Iron Carbide (Fe-Fe 3
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Summary • 331 SUMMARY Introductio
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Summary • 333 Development of Micr
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Questions and Problems • 335 Impo
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Questions and Problems • 337 (b)
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Questions and Problems • 339 Figu
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WHY STUDY Phase Transformations? Th
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10.3 The Kinetics of Phase Transfor
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10.4 Metastable versus Equilibrium
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10.5 Isothermal Transformation Diag
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10.6 Continuous Cooling Transformat
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10.6 Continuous Cooling Transformat
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10.7 Mechanical Behavior of Iron-Ca
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10.7 Mechanical Behavior of Iron-Ca
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10.8 TEMPERED MARTENSITE In the as-
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10.8 Tempered Martensite • 377 (b
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10.9 Review of Phase Transformation
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Summary • 381 Figure 10.37. Of co
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Summary • 383 Spheroidite—is co
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Questions and Problems • 385 Stee
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Questions and Problems • 389 (c)
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Chapter 11 Applications and Process
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 393 Types o
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 395 Table 1
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 397 Table 1
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 399 is exte
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 401 (c) 20
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Table 11.5 Designations, Minimum Me
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11.2 Ferrous Alloys • 405 is pres
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11.3 Nonferrous Alloys • 407 Tabl
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Table 11.9 Compositions, Mechanical
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11.3 Nonferrous Alloys • 415 or n
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11.4 Forming Operations • 417 Met
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11.5 Casting • 419 that have rath
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11.6 Miscellaneous Techniques • 4
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11.7 Annealing Processes • 423 ox
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modification of mechanical properti
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11.8 Heat Treatment of Steels • 4
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11.9 Precipitation Hardening • 43
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Summary • 443 Forming Operations
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Summary • 445 PROCESSING Recrysta
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Questions and Problems • 447 REFE
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Design Problems • 449 and temperi
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Chapter 12 Structures and Propertie
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 453 Con
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 455 Tab
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 457 Fur
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 459 VMS
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 461 Tet
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12.2 Crystal Structures • 463 EXA
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12.3 Silicate Ceramics • 465 Si 4
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12.3 Silicate Ceramics • 467 Figu
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12.4 Carbon • 469 Figure 12.16 Sc
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Another molecular form of carbon ha
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12.5 Imperfections in Ceramics •
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12.5 Imperfections in Ceramics •
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12.7 Ceramic Phase Diagrams • 477
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12.7 Ceramic Phase Diagrams • 479
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12.8 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics
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12.8 Brittle Fracture of Ceramics
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flexural strength Flexural strength
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12.10 Mechanisms of Plastic Deforma
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viscosities at ambient temperatures
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Summary • 491 Table 12.6 Vickers
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Summary • 493 • Diagrams for Al
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Questions and Problems • 495 visc
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Questions and Problems • 497 does
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Questions and Problems • 499 Stre
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Chapter 13 Applications and Process
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13.3 Glass-Ceramics • 503 Ceramic
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13.5 Refractories • 505 Glass-cer
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13.6 Abrasives • 507 (2910F). Thu
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13.8 Advanced Ceramics • 509 Seve
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13.8 Advanced Ceramics • 511 opti
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13.9 Fabrication and Processing of
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13.11 Powder Pressing • 523 a sca
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13.12 Tape Casting • 525 Figure 1
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Summary • 527 • Requirements fo
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Summary • 529 This chapter also d
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13.12 Compare the softening points
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WHY STUDY Polymer Structures? A rel
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14.3 Polymer Molecules • 535 Tabl
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14.4 The Chemistry of Polymer Molec
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14.4 The Chemistry of Polymer Molec
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Figure 14.3 Hypothetical polymer mo
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14.5 Molecular Weight • 543 Table
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14.7 Molecular Structure • 545 Fi
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14.8 Molecular Configurations • 5
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14.8 Molecular Configurations • 5
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14.10 Copolymers • 551 adjacent c
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14.11 Polymer Crystallinity • 553
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For copolymers, as a general rule,
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14.12 Polymer Crystals • 557 ~ 10
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14.14 Diffusion in Polymeric Materi
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Summary • 561 PET is permeable to
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Equation Summary Summary • 563 Po
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Important Terms and Concepts Questi
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Questions and Problems • 567 age
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Chapter 15 Characteristics, Applica
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15.2 Stress-Strain Behavior • 571
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15.3 Macroscopic Deformation • 57
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15.4 Viscoelastic Deformation • 5
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15.4 Viscoelastic Deformation • 5
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15.5 Fracture of Polymers • 579 F
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15.7 Deformation of Semicrystalline
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t 0 t t 0 t 0 Stage 1 Stage 2 (a) (
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15.8 Factors That Influence the Mec
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15.8 Factors That Influence the Mec
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15.9 Deformation of Elastomers •
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15.10 Crystallization • 591 Norma
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15.13 Melting and Glass Transition
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15.14 Factors That Influence Meltin
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15.15 Plastics • 597 Table 15.3 (
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15.16 Elastomers • 599 ing phenol
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15.18 Miscellaneous Applications
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15.19 Advanced Polymeric Materials
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15.19 Advanced Polymeric Materials
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The tensile modulus of this TPE mat
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15.20 Polymerization • 609 Additi
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15.22 Forming Techniques for Plasti
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15.22 Forming Techniques for Plasti
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15.24 Fabrication of Fibers and Fil
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Factors That Influence the Mechanic
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Summary • 619 Equation Summary Eq
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Questions and Problems • 621 McCr
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Questions and Problems • 623 Tens
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Design Questions • 625 Elastomers
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3.1 Hardness • 627 WHY STUDY Comp
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16.1 Introduction • 629 Dispersed
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16.2 Large-Particle Composites •
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16.2 Large-Particle Composites •
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Critical fiber length—dependence
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16.5 Influence of Fiber Orientation
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ut, because s/E, 16.5 Influence o
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16.6 The Fiber Phase • 645 Applic
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eactions with the environment. Such
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16.8 Polymer-Matrix Composites •
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16.8 Polymer-Matrix Composites •
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16.9 Metal-Matrix Composites • 65
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The high-temperature creep and rupt
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16.12 HYBRID COMPOSITES hybrid comp
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16.13 Processing of Fiber-Reinforce
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16.15 Sandwich Panels • 661 Figur
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Summary • 663 they remain separat
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Summary • 665 When l l c , Equat
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References • 667 List of Symbols
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Design Problems • 671 to be align
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Chapter 17 Corrosion and Degradatio
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Corrosion of Metals 17.2 Electroche
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17.2 Electrochemical Considerations
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17.4 Prediction of Corrosion Rates
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17.5 Passivity • 691 to further c
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17.7 Forms of Corrosion • 693 sur
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17.7 Forms of Corrosion • 695 Fig
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Page 727 and 728:
Page 729 and 730:
sodium chloride. Dilute sulfuric ac
Page 731 and 732:
17.10 Oxidation • 703 Zinc coatin
Page 733 and 734:
17.10 Oxidation • 705 Table 17.3
Page 735 and 736:
Ceramic materials are frequently us
Page 737 and 738:
17.12 Bond Rupture • 709 17.12 BO
Page 739 and 740:
Summary • 711 marily a result of
Page 741 and 742:
Summary • 713 Corrosion Preventio
Page 743 and 744:
Questions and Problems • 715 REFE
Page 745 and 746:
Page 747 and 748:
Chapter 18 Electrical Properties (b
Page 749 and 750:
18.3 Electrical Conductivity • 72
Page 751 and 752:
18.5 Energy Band Structures in Soli
Page 753 and 754:
valence band conduction band energy
Page 755 and 756:
covalent) and relatively weak, whic
Page 757 and 758:
18.8 Electrical Resistivity of Meta
Page 759 and 760:
18.9 Electrical Characteristics of
Page 761 and 762:
18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 763 and 764:
18.10 Intrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 765 and 766:
18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 767 and 768:
18.11 Extrinsic Semiconduction •
Page 769 and 770:
18.12 The Temperature Dependence of
Page 771 and 772:
18.13 Factors That Affect Carrier M
Page 773 and 774:
DESIGN EXAMPLE 18.1 Acceptor Impuri
Page 775 and 776:
18.14 The Hall Effect • 747 Depen
Page 777 and 778:
18.15 Semiconductor Devices • 749
Page 779 and 780:
Page 781 and 782:
Page 783 and 784:
18.16 Conduction in Ionic Materials
Page 785 and 786:
ands that overlap the valence and c
Page 787 and 788:
18.19 Field Vectors and Polarizatio
Page 789 and 790:
18.19 Field Vectors and Polarizatio
Page 791 and 792:
ionic polarization Electric dipole
Page 793 and 794:
18.23 Dielectric Materials • 765
Page 795 and 796:
Summary • 767 + + + + + + + + +
Page 797 and 798:
Summary • 769 • With these mate
Page 799 and 800:
Summary • 771 18.11 r i Ac i 11
Page 801 and 802:
Summary • 773 One common use for
Page 803 and 804:
Questions and Problems • 775 Elec
Page 805 and 806:
Questions and Problems • 777 The
Page 807 and 808:
Design Problems • 779 DESIGN PROB
Page 809 and 810:
Chapter 19 Thermal Properties (a) (
Page 811 and 812:
19.2 Heat Capacity • 783 Figure 1
Page 813 and 814:
19.3 Thermal Expansion • 785 Tabl
Page 815 and 816:
19.3 Thermal Expansion • 787 For
Page 817 and 818:
19.4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Thermal c
Page 819 and 820:
19.4 Thermal Conductivity • 791 F
Page 821 and 822:
19.5 Thermal Stresses • 793 speci
Page 823 and 824:
Summary • 795 • Coefficient-of-
Page 825 and 826:
Page 827 and 828:
Design Problems • 799 rod be fabr
Page 829 and 830:
WHY STUDY the Magnetic Properties o
Page 831 and 832:
20.2 Basic Concepts • 803 I B 0 =
Page 833 and 834:
20.3 Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism
Page 835 and 836:
20.4 Ferromagnetism • 807 Table 2
Page 837 and 838:
20.5 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrima
Page 839 and 840:
20.5 Antiferromagnetism and Ferrima
Page 841 and 842:
20.6 The Influence of Temperature o
Page 843 and 844:
20.7 Domains and Hysteresis • 815
Page 845 and 846:
20.7 Domains and Hysteresis • 817
Page 847 and 848:
20.9 Soft Magnetic Materials • 81
Page 849 and 850:
20.9 Soft Magnetic Materials • 82
Page 851 and 852:
20.10 Hard Magnetic Materials • 8
Page 853 and 854:
20.11 Magnetic Storage • 825 requ
Page 855 and 856:
20.11 Magnetic Storage • 827 Figu
Page 857 and 858:
20.12 Superconductivity • 829 Ele
Page 859 and 860:
20.12 Superconductivity • 831 Tab
Page 861 and 862:
Summary • 833 • For cubic ferri
Page 863 and 864:
Questions and Problems • 835 List
Page 865 and 866:
Questions and Problems • 837 with
Page 867 and 868:
Design Problems • 839 H C 1T 2 H
Page 869 and 870:
WHY STUDY the Optical Properties of
Page 871 and 872:
21.3 Light Interactions with Solids
Page 873 and 874:
21.4 Atomic and Electronic Interact
Page 875 and 876:
21.5 Refraction • 847 Velocity of
Page 877 and 878:
21.7 ABSORPTION Nonmetallic materia
Page 879 and 880:
21.7 Absorption • 851 Reaction de
Page 881 and 882:
21.9 Color • 853 21.9 COLOR color
Page 883 and 884:
21.11 Luminescence • 855 Figure 2
Page 885 and 886:
21.11 Luminescence • 857 n- and p
Page 887 and 888:
21.13 Lasers • 859 Ruby Flash lam
Page 889 and 890:
21.13 Lasers • 861 Partially refl
Page 891 and 892:
21.4 Optical Fibers in Communicatio
Page 893 and 894:
Summary • 865 Input impulse Outpu
Page 895 and 896:
Summary • 867 Transparent nonmeta
Page 897 and 898:
Questions and Problems • 869 Impo
Page 899 and 900:
Design Problem • 871 fiber glass
Page 901 and 902:
WHY STUDY Economic, Environmental,
Page 903 and 904:
Environmental and Societal Consider
Page 905 and 906:
Environmental and Societal Consider
Page 907 and 908:
22.5 Recycling Issues in Materials
Page 909 and 910:
Page 911 and 912:
Page 913:
Design Questions • 885 Environmen
Page 916 and 917:
A2 • Appendix A / The Internation
Page 918 and 919:
A4 • Appendix B / Properties of S
Page 920 and 921:
Page 922 and 923:
Page 924 and 925: A10 • Appendix B / Properties of
Page 946 and 947: A32 • Appendix C / Costs and Rela
Page 948 and 949: A34 • Appendix C / Costs and Rela
Page 950 and 951: Appendix D Repeat Unit Structures f
Page 952 and 953: A38 • Appendix D / Repeat Unit St
Page 954 and 955: Appendix E Glass Transition and Mel
Page 956 and 957: G2 • Glossary atomic mass units (
Page 958 and 959: G4 • Glossary according to unit c
Page 960 and 961: G6 • Glossary Fick’s first law.
Page 962 and 963: G8 • Glossary J Jominy end-quench
Page 964 and 965: G10 • Glossary alternating layers
Page 966 and 967: G12 • Glossary stock; also, elong
Page 968 and 969: G14 • Glossary tempered martensit
Page 970 and 971: Answers to Selected Problems Chapte
Page 972 and 973: S2 • Answers to Selected Problems
Page 974: S4 • Answers to Selected Problems
Page 979 and 980: Clay, characteristics, 518-519 Clay
Page 981 and 982: Die casting, 419 Dielectric breakdo
Page 983 and 984: Fatigue life, 258, G4 factors that
Page 985 and 986: Heat treatable, definition of, 406
Page 987 and 988: modulus of elasticity, 486 thermal
Page 989 and 990: Nanotubes, carbon, 13, 471 Natural
Page 991 and 992: fatigue behavior (PET), 580 magneti
Page 993 and 994: single crystal, 451 structure of, 4
Page 995 and 996: Stabilized zirconia, 478, 655 Stabi
Page 997 and 998: Transparency, 844, G13 Transverse b
Page 999 and 1000: Power 1 W 0.239 cal/s 1 cal/s 4.1
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Callister - An introduction - 8th edition

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