KVPT’s Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Campaign - Work to Date - September 2016

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why those buildings survived or failed, and to understand causes of failure in other traditional structures we have not worked on before,—to refine our understanding of the historic building systems. In the process, we need to research whatever exists already—collecting materials related to seismic strengthening by others in Nepal, reviewing the approaches, to the extent possible,—to do a technical assessment. Questions include what is being proposed or allowed; what is buildable under current conditions; and hybridized approaches past and present. This work needs to be assessed in an international context to consider how to balance the known weaknesses of the traditional construction against, for example, the dictates of the Charter of Venice or the Nara Document on Authenticity; and to judge what would be the justification, if any, for introducing modern materials when traditional practice fails. Campaign funding The Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Campaign has many major and repeat donors as well as new supporters. Major project partners and funding are noted at the end of this document. Engineers new to the problem will need time to get up to speed in this exercise. We need to first review and refine our existing methods with a senior first-world consultant to advise on issues of cement quality testing; pine vs sal wood choices; the significance of various safety factors, strength comparisons of steel and reinforced concrete interventions; non-destructive radar scanning of inaccessible foundations. We need engineering expertise to back up our investigative work, troubleshoot our decision-making process, and help develop alternative designs, including professional (ideally, quantitative) strategies for balancing safety and historical fabric. As local projects by others develop, given KVPT’s leadership role with historical buildings, we need to work alongside a local engineering team to help train these engineers, who focus on modern work and tend to be less familiar with this architecture. The result will be specialized methodologies reflecting the anomalies of the building fabric and the current situation. To be relevant, for example, models that could be replicated locally will have to be streamlined to be feasible despite the limited resources. 18
This overview of Campaign Project buildings as of June 2016 presents a mix of new, old, pre- and post-earthquake views. Following Pages Inside the various storage rooms, set up by KVPT shortly after the earthquake, for rescued historical building elements from Patan Darbar and details of some of the carved wooden elements salvaged. Photos by Ashesh Rajbansh,, Oct. 2015 19
Page 1: Nepal Patan Darbar Earthquake Respo
Page 4 and 5: In acknowledgment of the sincere ef
Page 6 and 7: Plan of Patan Darbar (Royal Palace
Page 8 and 9: 6
Page 10 and 11: Map of Patan- World Heritage Site s
Page 13 and 14: Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Ca
Page 15 and 16: Preservation Trust moved rapidly to
Page 17 and 18: order to help the many local and in
Page 19: tural and climatic considerations b
Page 23 and 24: 21
Page 25: 23
Page 29 and 30: Recapturing Lost Elements — Thoug
Page 31 and 32: notably the weathering that causes
Page 33 and 34: The debate has been presented here
Page 35 and 36: In the summer, more than 20,000 tou
Page 37 and 38: of the iconic monuments of the coun
Page 39 and 40: in very exceptional cases. Empty ni
Page 41 and 42: ological Survey of India to restore
Page 43 and 44: at present, the replacement of tile
Page 45 and 46: Department of Archaeology were not
Page 47 and 48: on caste membership, he is born a c
Page 49 and 50: Such a process of repair, replaceme
Page 51 and 52: of the old bricks, new bricks will
Page 53 and 54: Bibliography (publications cited in
Page 55 and 56: Typical Seismic Issues in Newar Arc
Page 57 and 58: Seismic Issues Manual - in Developm
Page 59 and 60: 2. Timber Column Base Connections D
Page 61 and 62: 4. Wood Rot and Rising Damp Descrip
Page 63: 6. Wall Plate Detailing Description
Page 66 and 67: 64
Page 68 and 69: ening, Programme Director Ranjitkar
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Manimandapa south The rotten base b
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A "Recipe for Restoration," publish
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Patukva Agam Structural improvement
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The Kathmandu Darbar Initiative (19
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Mahavishnu Temple As another compon
Page 80 and 81:
Part III Current Model Projects aft
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ument. (See the July 2016 draft of
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established that the building is on
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Opposite page Manimandapa analysis-
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Alternatively, life safety performa
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Plan drawing of Manimandapas showin
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Manimandpa Base isolation detail sh
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Near right Manimandapa Concept show
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The main goals of this solution are
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cyclical monsoon rains, would be ex
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kicked out at the same time, and th
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100
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Northern el
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Plan scale
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Tripartite
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple. Tripartite
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Char Narayana Temple after earthqua
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Opposite Char Narayana Temple Detai
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The four-stepped cornice is heavily
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Char Narayana Temple Tympanum (tora
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122
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Char Narayana Temple Inspection of
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Left Char Narayana Temple East elev
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Chār Nārāyaṇa Temple: Structur
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Top Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Souther
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Char Narayana Temple Repair / resto
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Char Narayana Temple Southern porta
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Char Narayan Temple The broken part
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138
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140
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Harishankara Temple (Hariśaṅkara
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Harishankara Temple Niels Gutschow
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wall brackets feature seven male fi
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mensions and techniques in order to
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151
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Harishankara Temple Section drawing
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Harishankara Temple A hybrid deity,
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Harishankara Temple The Eight Mothe
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Harishankara Temple Carpenters from
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Opposite Some 300 (of the original
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Harishankara Temple Details of the
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Ground floor The pillars Two of the
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Other For the three eaves, 292 eave
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Harishankara Temple Replication of
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Top Left Cleaning the secondary jam
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Top Left Repair of the cornice abov
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Top Left Replication of two pillars
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Top Left Repair of the stepped oute
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Harishankara Temple Repairing the b
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Top The surviving secondary jamb of
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Top Replacement of the circular mid
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Top Eastern doorway, details of the
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Indra Kaji Shilpakar from Bhaktapur
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The west-north block (bhailakva) ab
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The complete Harishankara pinnacle,
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The deformations on the ring of ām
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Harishankara Temple Salvaged Archit
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Four of the 20 tympana (toraṇa) a
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Four of the 20 tympana (toraṇa) a
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The four corner tympana above the a
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Sixteen medallions featuring the kn
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Four of the eight struts supporting
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Four of sixteen struts of the middl
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Four of sixteen struts of the middl
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Harishankara Temple Twenty-four str
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Harishankara Temple Four of twenty-
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Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Harishankara Temple First level abo
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Harishankara Temple Second level ab
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224
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226
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Harishankara Temple Top right Prepa
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Harishankara Temple Reconstruction
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232 Bibliography Leiner 2010: Leine
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234
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Vishveshvara Temple East side, dama
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Vishveshvara Temple West side, dama
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Vishveshvara Temple Tympana (torana
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Page 246 and 247:
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Vishveshvara Temple - structural re
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“Vishveshvara Temple - structural
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Vishveshvara Temple Shoring concept
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Vishveshvara Temple Shoring concept
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Vishveshvara Temple The replacement
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256
Page 260 and 261:
Patan Darbār Square, looking east
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South Manimaṇḍapa, east (back)
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Top Left Back (east) sides of North
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264
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Clockwise From Above Bijay Basukala
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Tirtha Ram Shilpakar replicating a
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Left Machaman Shilpakar, restoring
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Shyam Krishna Shilpakar saws the te
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South Manimaṇḍapa South elevati
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South Manimaṇḍapa reconstructio
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Top left Original base of a column
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Bhaktapur, Indra Kaji Shilpakar’s
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Left Patan, 28. March 2016 Pushpa R
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Left Bal Krishna Shilpakar and Tirt
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Left Side I of the four-sided colum
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Left Side III of the four-sided col
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Top and Bottom Left Patan, 20 March
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Patan, 15 April 2016 Carved beam en
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South Manimaṇḍapa Shaft detail
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Column Comparison From left to righ
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Top Left Pushpa Raj Shilpakar carve
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa Reinforce
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Patan, 31 March 2016 Inventory of t
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Opposite Inventory of the surviving
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa At ground
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa Detailed
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Left South Manimaṇḍapa Document
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South Manimaṇḍapa Bal Krishna S
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South Manimaṇḍapa A metal fence
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316
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North Manimaṇḍapa North east co
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320
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North Manimaṇḍapa Elevations of
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North Manimaṇḍapa Field measure
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North Manimaṇḍapa Woodcarver ad
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North Manimaṇḍapa The damaged p
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Top North Manimaṇḍapa Woodcarve
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North Manimaṇḍapa The existing
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3 Panauti, Kirtimukha on the styliz
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7 and 8 South Mandapa Metha nos. 1,
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15 Stylized double roof moulding at
Page 343 and 344:
Krishna Temple, 1637 (Kṛṣṇa M
Page 345 and 346:
Investigation and Research of Krish
Page 347 and 348:
5 Krishna Temple Ground floor plan
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an earthquake. It is only these fou
Page 351 and 352:
Right 16 Damaged stone carving 17 D
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26 Stone type no. 1: Probably basal
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Krsna templa, restoration project.
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Sundari Cok Sundari Cok East Wing (
Page 359 and 360:
Sundari Cok East Wing By Niels Guts
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Sundari Cok Ground floor and first
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Sundari Cok Design for the east win
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Sundari Cok The central window of t
Page 367 and 368:
Sundari Cok The brickwork of the ea
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Sundari Cok The east wing’s court
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Sundari Cok Courtyard, view towards
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Sundari Cok The ground floor of the
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Sundari Cok The cornice of the proj
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Sundari Cok East facade of the cour
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Sundari Cok East wing, the ridge be
Page 381:
Sundari Cok East wing, courtyard fa
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382
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Top left Mul Chowk west facade with
Page 388 and 389:
Taleju Agam North Projects by the T
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Opposite The third level gallery in
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Top Taleju Agam North/Mul Cok North
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Top Thumbnail of the full Taleju No
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Right Detail of the displaced top r
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Top Elements of the dismantled dome
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Above Workers carefully clean the u
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Top Left Planking, marine grade ply
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Taleju Agam South (Mul Cok, Patan R
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Taleju Agam South Pre-earthquake pr
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Left and Right Taleju Agam South ro
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Top Left and Right Existing poor co
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Historic gilded copper sheet is lai
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Top Left and Right Deteriorated wat
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415
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Top Left The top tier roof of South
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The South Taleju tower after comple
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Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple (Sing
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Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple (Sing
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Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple The r
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Appendices Introduction Notes on Po
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Appendix I (Rohit Ranjitkar)
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After the massive April 25 earthqua
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Part 1: General Provisions 5. Autho
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19. Traditional Practices and Comme
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the activities prescribed by the re
Page 464 and 465:
(b) The objects displaced from thei
Page 466 and 467:
464
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Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust
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KVPT’s Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Campaign - Work to Date - September 2016

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