KVPT’s Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Campaign - Work to Date - September 2016

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Harishankara Temple Top right Preparation of the gluing. Top left Drilling of holes for the pins. Bottom left Re-adhering of the two parts of the broken sculpture. Bottom right Mechanical cleaning of the surface. Photographs by Institute of Conservation, University of Applied Arts, Vienna, August 2015 228
“epoxy pin” after hardening. Mechanical and Chemical Removal of Deposits Deposits were reduced mechanically with spatulas and scalpels, whereby hard compacted layers were moistened to make them softer. For the further reduction of the dark soil layers different solvents including acetone, white spirit, ethanol and ammonium hydroxide were applied with brushes and cotton buds. The wide range of solvents was necessary as their effectiveness fluctuated due to the varying composition of the soil layers. In areas with high content of oily components an additional lime putty poultice was applied. Afterwards all surfaces were cleaned with water. Pointing and Filling For the filling of losses a lime-based mortar mixed with local siliceous sands, which correspond to the optical properties of the stone, was used 6 . In order to adjust the mortar to the color of the stone, the stone powder gained during the drilling of the holes was collected and used as additional filler. Solely for the pointing of the very thin fissures and hairline cracks an adequate cement-based mortar 7 was used in order to provide good adhesion to the surrounding stone. All infills were executed to reach the same level as the surrounding stone, embellishment and carving. To ensure a homogeneous appearance and to better adjust the used mortars to the original surface, the pointed joints and infills were retouched using black pigment applied in a mixture of acrylic dispersion (Primal SF016) and water (mixture 1:7). Reconstruction of Missing Parts For the reconstruction of the missing attribute a stone similar to the original was used. Models for the mace of the god were found in the collection of the Patan Museum. A sculptor from the Institute’s team produced the reconstruction, which was adjusted to the fractured, uneven surface without damaging the original. The attribute was then adhered to the sculpture using epoxy resin (Akepox 2020). Conclusion In 2015 it was possible to restore the sculpture of Harishankara to a satisfactory level. The former crack is hardly visible due to the exact gluing and color matching of the filling mortar. Also the mortar infills and stone indent integrate. The dark layer of offering deposits and dirt was massively / to a large extent reduced and the surface is now homogenous and unified. The reconstruction of missing sculptural details, including the attribute of Vishnu, not only completes the figural composition but also improves legibility, so that the restored sculpture can again serve for worshipping. End notes 1 Wiesner 1976 (1992): 126-127. 2 Patan Museum Guide 2013: 66ff. 3 Usually these offerings consist of food (rice, butter, etc.), oily substances and Tikka-paste (paste of red or yellow pigment). 4 The material contains a high concentration of silicates in foliations surrounded by a very fine grained siliceous marble. 5 Leiner 2010. 6 Infill mortar: 2 vol. parts slaked lime + 1 vol. part grey cement + 4 vol. parts unsifted sand +2 vol. parts stone powder + ½ to ¾ vol. parts black pigment, mixed with water. 7 Pointing mortar: 1 vol. part grey cement, 4 vol. parts stone powder + ½ vol. part black pigment, mixed with water. 229
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Nepal Patan Darbar Earthquake Respo
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In acknowledgment of the sincere ef
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Plan of Patan Darbar (Royal Palace
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Map of Patan- World Heritage Site s
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Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Ca
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Preservation Trust moved rapidly to
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order to help the many local and in
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tural and climatic considerations b
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This overview of Campaign Project b
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Recapturing Lost Elements — Thoug
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notably the weathering that causes
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The debate has been presented here
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In the summer, more than 20,000 tou
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of the iconic monuments of the coun
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in very exceptional cases. Empty ni
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ological Survey of India to restore
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at present, the replacement of tile
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Department of Archaeology were not
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on caste membership, he is born a c
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Such a process of repair, replaceme
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of the old bricks, new bricks will
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Bibliography (publications cited in
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Typical Seismic Issues in Newar Arc
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Seismic Issues Manual - in Developm
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2. Timber Column Base Connections D
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4. Wood Rot and Rising Damp Descrip
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6. Wall Plate Detailing Description
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ening, Programme Director Ranjitkar
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Manimandapa south The rotten base b
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A "Recipe for Restoration," publish
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Patukva Agam Structural improvement
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The Kathmandu Darbar Initiative (19
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Mahavishnu Temple As another compon
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Part III Current Model Projects aft
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ument. (See the July 2016 draft of
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established that the building is on
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Opposite page Manimandapa analysis-
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Alternatively, life safety performa
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Plan drawing of Manimandapas showin
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Manimandpa Base isolation detail sh
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Near right Manimandapa Concept show
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The main goals of this solution are
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cyclical monsoon rains, would be ex
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kicked out at the same time, and th
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Northern el
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Plan scale
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Tripartite
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple. Tripartite
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Char Narayana Temple after earthqua
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Opposite Char Narayana Temple Detai
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The four-stepped cornice is heavily
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Char Narayana Temple Tympanum (tora
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Char Narayana Temple Inspection of
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Left Char Narayana Temple East elev
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Chār Nārāyaṇa Temple: Structur
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Top Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Souther
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Char Narayana Temple Repair / resto
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Char Narayana Temple Southern porta
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Char Narayan Temple The broken part
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Harishankara Temple (Hariśaṅkara
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Harishankara Temple Niels Gutschow
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wall brackets feature seven male fi
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mensions and techniques in order to
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Harishankara Temple Section drawing
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Harishankara Temple A hybrid deity,
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Harishankara Temple The Eight Mothe
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Harishankara Temple Carpenters from
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Opposite Some 300 (of the original
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Harishankara Temple Details of the
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Ground floor The pillars Two of the
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Other For the three eaves, 292 eave
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Harishankara Temple Replication of
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Top Left Cleaning the secondary jam
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Top Left Repair of the cornice abov
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Top Left Replication of two pillars
Page 179 and 180: Top Left Repair of the stepped oute
Page 181 and 182: Harishankara Temple Repairing the b
Page 183 and 184: Top The surviving secondary jamb of
Page 185 and 186: Top Replacement of the circular mid
Page 187 and 188: Top Eastern doorway, details of the
Page 189 and 190: Indra Kaji Shilpakar from Bhaktapur
Page 191 and 192: The west-north block (bhailakva) ab
Page 193 and 194: The complete Harishankara pinnacle,
Page 195 and 196: The deformations on the ring of ām
Page 197 and 198: Harishankara Temple Salvaged Archit
Page 199 and 200: Four of the 20 tympana (toraṇa) a
Page 201 and 202: Four of the 20 tympana (toraṇa) a
Page 203 and 204: The four corner tympana above the a
Page 205 and 206: Sixteen medallions featuring the kn
Page 207 and 208: Four of the eight struts supporting
Page 209 and 210: Four of sixteen struts of the middl
Page 211 and 212: Four of sixteen struts of the middl
Page 213 and 214: Harishankara Temple Twenty-four str
Page 215 and 216: Harishankara Temple Four of twenty-
Page 221 and 222: Harishankara Temple First level abo
Page 223 and 224: Harishankara Temple Second level ab
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Page 232 and 233: Harishankara Temple Reconstruction
Page 234 and 235: 232 Bibliography Leiner 2010: Leine
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Page 238 and 239: Vishveshvara Temple East side, dama
Page 240 and 241: Vishveshvara Temple West side, dama
Page 242 and 243: Vishveshvara Temple Tympana (torana
Page 248 and 249: Vishveshvara Temple - structural re
Page 250 and 251: “Vishveshvara Temple - structural
Page 252 and 253: Vishveshvara Temple Shoring concept
Page 254 and 255: Vishveshvara Temple Shoring concept
Page 256 and 257: Vishveshvara Temple The replacement
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Page 260 and 261: Patan Darbār Square, looking east
Page 262 and 263: South Manimaṇḍapa, east (back)
Page 264 and 265: Top Left Back (east) sides of North
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Page 268 and 269: Clockwise From Above Bijay Basukala
Page 270 and 271: Tirtha Ram Shilpakar replicating a
Page 272 and 273: Left Machaman Shilpakar, restoring
Page 274 and 275: Shyam Krishna Shilpakar saws the te
Page 276 and 277: South Manimaṇḍapa South elevati
Page 278 and 279: South Manimaṇḍapa reconstructio
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Top left Original base of a column
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Bhaktapur, Indra Kaji Shilpakar’s
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Left Patan, 28. March 2016 Pushpa R
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Left Bal Krishna Shilpakar and Tirt
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Left Side I of the four-sided colum
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Left Side III of the four-sided col
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Top and Bottom Left Patan, 20 March
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Patan, 15 April 2016 Carved beam en
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South Manimaṇḍapa Shaft detail
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Column Comparison From left to righ
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Top Left Pushpa Raj Shilpakar carve
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa Reinforce
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Patan, 31 March 2016 Inventory of t
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Opposite Inventory of the surviving
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa At ground
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa Detailed
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Left South Manimaṇḍapa Document
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South Manimaṇḍapa Bal Krishna S
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South Manimaṇḍapa A metal fence
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North Manimaṇḍapa North east co
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North Manimaṇḍapa Elevations of
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North Manimaṇḍapa Field measure
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North Manimaṇḍapa Woodcarver ad
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North Manimaṇḍapa The damaged p
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Top North Manimaṇḍapa Woodcarve
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North Manimaṇḍapa The existing
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3 Panauti, Kirtimukha on the styliz
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7 and 8 South Mandapa Metha nos. 1,
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15 Stylized double roof moulding at
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Krishna Temple, 1637 (Kṛṣṇa M
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Investigation and Research of Krish
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5 Krishna Temple Ground floor plan
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an earthquake. It is only these fou
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Right 16 Damaged stone carving 17 D
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26 Stone type no. 1: Probably basal
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Krsna templa, restoration project.
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Sundari Cok Sundari Cok East Wing (
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Sundari Cok East Wing By Niels Guts
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Sundari Cok Ground floor and first
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Sundari Cok Design for the east win
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Sundari Cok The central window of t
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Sundari Cok The brickwork of the ea
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Sundari Cok The east wing’s court
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Sundari Cok Courtyard, view towards
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Sundari Cok The ground floor of the
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Sundari Cok The cornice of the proj
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Sundari Cok East facade of the cour
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Sundari Cok East wing, the ridge be
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Sundari Cok East wing, courtyard fa
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Top left Mul Chowk west facade with
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Taleju Agam North Projects by the T
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Opposite The third level gallery in
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Top Taleju Agam North/Mul Cok North
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Top Thumbnail of the full Taleju No
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Right Detail of the displaced top r
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Top Elements of the dismantled dome
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Above Workers carefully clean the u
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Top Left Planking, marine grade ply
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Taleju Agam South (Mul Cok, Patan R
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Taleju Agam South Pre-earthquake pr
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Left and Right Taleju Agam South ro
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Top Left and Right Existing poor co
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Historic gilded copper sheet is lai
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Top Left and Right Deteriorated wat
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Top Left The top tier roof of South
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The South Taleju tower after comple
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Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple (Sing
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Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple (Sing
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Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple The r
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Appendices Introduction Notes on Po
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Appendix I (Rohit Ranjitkar)
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After the massive April 25 earthqua
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Part 1: General Provisions 5. Autho
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19. Traditional Practices and Comme
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the activities prescribed by the re
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(b) The objects displaced from thei
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Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust
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KVPT’s Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Campaign - Work to Date - September 2016

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