KVPT’s Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Campaign - Work to Date - September 2016

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lection of struts except for cleaning. This included several carved struts from the 17th century and six uncarved struts that had been installed to replace stolen struts in 1994. Cleaning of Carved Wood Cornices: Carved cornices are embedded in the brick wall and were able to be cleaned in situ, with few repairs. Removal of debris and pigeon nests Several pigeon nests were discovered behind the struts of the top tier, accompanied by large quantities of pigeon droppings. The nests and droppings were removed, along with a large amount of other debris causing excess load in the top tier. Brick walls: The exterior brick walls of the tower were cleaned. Below the lower roof, walls with pointing in poor condition were repointed with traditional mud mortar, retaining the existing bricks, with minor repairs. The existing void below the pinnacle was filled with solid brick masonry to increase stability at the top of the tower. Seismic strengthening Steel beams bracing south wall: Horizontal steel beams below the Mul Cok south wing roof were introduced to brace the south wall of the tower. Inside the agam, steel cross bracing was installed at the level of the door (just above the Mul Cok south wing roof) per the attached sketch. Strengthening connections of rafters to purlins: Halfinch thick galvanized steel bolts were installed to strongly connect rafters and purlins, a connection which traditionally is created only with timber pegs. The addition of the steel bolts will prevent the potential separation of the joint during future seismic movement and improve the overall rigidity of the structure. Strengthening connections between rafters and wall plates: In traditional structures the rafters are not notched to the wall plates. 3/8” stainless steel pins were placed to improve the structural stability of the roof frame and wall plate connections. This measure will firmly pin the rafter to the plate and thus prevent any sliding movement of the rafters, especially during an earthquake. Reinforcement of corner lap joints The corner lap joint of the wall plates is not sufficient to bear the load of the corner strut. To prevent failure of the structure a 2” wide x 3/16” thick steel plate was attached at each corner joint, improving the strength of the joint and allowing an even distribution of forces. (Similar details are described and illustrated in the chapter above, “Typical Seismic Issues in Newar Architecture.” General Repairs: Other repairs to waterproof the pinnacle and roofs contribute to future seismic strength by making the wood structure and brick walls below more durable. It should be noted that the repairs described above, especially the replacement of rotting structural wood, contributed significantly to the agam’s ability to resist the earthquake. 408
Top Left and Right Existing poor condition of gilded pinnacle and top tier copper roofing. Pinnacle is heavily damaged, with copper worn and and leaking; copper roof has open joints. KVPT, April 3, 2014 Bottom Left and Right The top tier metal roof, including the gilded pinnacle, was completely dismantled for reconstruction and repair. Nearly 75% of the structural timbers were affected by dry rot and in need of replacement. KVPT, April 04 and 22, 2014 409
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Nepal Patan Darbar Earthquake Respo
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In acknowledgment of the sincere ef
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Plan of Patan Darbar (Royal Palace
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6
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Map of Patan- World Heritage Site s
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Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Ca
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Preservation Trust moved rapidly to
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order to help the many local and in
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tural and climatic considerations b
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This overview of Campaign Project b
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23
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Recapturing Lost Elements — Thoug
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notably the weathering that causes
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The debate has been presented here
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In the summer, more than 20,000 tou
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of the iconic monuments of the coun
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in very exceptional cases. Empty ni
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ological Survey of India to restore
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at present, the replacement of tile
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Department of Archaeology were not
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on caste membership, he is born a c
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Such a process of repair, replaceme
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of the old bricks, new bricks will
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Bibliography (publications cited in
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Typical Seismic Issues in Newar Arc
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Seismic Issues Manual - in Developm
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2. Timber Column Base Connections D
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4. Wood Rot and Rising Damp Descrip
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6. Wall Plate Detailing Description
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64
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ening, Programme Director Ranjitkar
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Manimandapa south The rotten base b
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A "Recipe for Restoration," publish
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Patukva Agam Structural improvement
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The Kathmandu Darbar Initiative (19
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Mahavishnu Temple As another compon
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Part III Current Model Projects aft
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ument. (See the July 2016 draft of
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established that the building is on
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Opposite page Manimandapa analysis-
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Alternatively, life safety performa
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Plan drawing of Manimandapas showin
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Manimandpa Base isolation detail sh
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Near right Manimandapa Concept show
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The main goals of this solution are
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cyclical monsoon rains, would be ex
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kicked out at the same time, and th
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100
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Northern el
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Plan scale
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Tripartite
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Cārnārāyaṇa Temple. Tripartite
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Char Narayana Temple after earthqua
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Opposite Char Narayana Temple Detai
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The four-stepped cornice is heavily
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Char Narayana Temple Tympanum (tora
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122
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Char Narayana Temple Inspection of
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Left Char Narayana Temple East elev
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Chār Nārāyaṇa Temple: Structur
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Top Cārnārāyaṇa Temple Souther
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Char Narayana Temple Repair / resto
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Char Narayana Temple Southern porta
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Char Narayan Temple The broken part
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Harishankara Temple (Hariśaṅkara
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Harishankara Temple Niels Gutschow
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wall brackets feature seven male fi
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mensions and techniques in order to
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151
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Harishankara Temple Section drawing
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Harishankara Temple A hybrid deity,
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Harishankara Temple The Eight Mothe
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Harishankara Temple Carpenters from
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Opposite Some 300 (of the original
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Harishankara Temple Details of the
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Ground floor The pillars Two of the
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Other For the three eaves, 292 eave
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Harishankara Temple Replication of
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Top Left Cleaning the secondary jam
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Top Left Repair of the cornice abov
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Top Left Replication of two pillars
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Top Left Repair of the stepped oute
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Harishankara Temple Repairing the b
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Top The surviving secondary jamb of
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Top Replacement of the circular mid
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Top Eastern doorway, details of the
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Indra Kaji Shilpakar from Bhaktapur
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The west-north block (bhailakva) ab
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The complete Harishankara pinnacle,
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The deformations on the ring of ām
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Harishankara Temple Salvaged Archit
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Four of the 20 tympana (toraṇa) a
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Four of the 20 tympana (toraṇa) a
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The four corner tympana above the a
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Sixteen medallions featuring the kn
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Four of the eight struts supporting
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Four of sixteen struts of the middl
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Four of sixteen struts of the middl
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Harishankara Temple Twenty-four str
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Harishankara Temple Four of twenty-
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Harishankara Temple First level abo
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Harishankara Temple Second level ab
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Harishankara Temple Top right Prepa
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Harishankara Temple Reconstruction
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232 Bibliography Leiner 2010: Leine
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Vishveshvara Temple East side, dama
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Vishveshvara Temple West side, dama
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Vishveshvara Temple Tympana (torana
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Vishveshvara Temple - structural re
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“Vishveshvara Temple - structural
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Vishveshvara Temple Shoring concept
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Vishveshvara Temple Shoring concept
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Vishveshvara Temple The replacement
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Patan Darbār Square, looking east
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South Manimaṇḍapa, east (back)
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Top Left Back (east) sides of North
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264
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Clockwise From Above Bijay Basukala
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Tirtha Ram Shilpakar replicating a
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Left Machaman Shilpakar, restoring
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Shyam Krishna Shilpakar saws the te
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South Manimaṇḍapa South elevati
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South Manimaṇḍapa reconstructio
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Top left Original base of a column
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Bhaktapur, Indra Kaji Shilpakar’s
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Left Patan, 28. March 2016 Pushpa R
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Left Bal Krishna Shilpakar and Tirt
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Left Side I of the four-sided colum
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Left Side III of the four-sided col
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Top and Bottom Left Patan, 20 March
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Patan, 15 April 2016 Carved beam en
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South Manimaṇḍapa Shaft detail
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Column Comparison From left to righ
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Top Left Pushpa Raj Shilpakar carve
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa Reinforce
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Patan, 31 March 2016 Inventory of t
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Opposite Inventory of the surviving
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa At ground
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Top South Manimaṇḍapa Detailed
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Left South Manimaṇḍapa Document
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South Manimaṇḍapa Bal Krishna S
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South Manimaṇḍapa A metal fence
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North Manimaṇḍapa North east co
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North Manimaṇḍapa Elevations of
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North Manimaṇḍapa Field measure
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North Manimaṇḍapa Woodcarver ad
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North Manimaṇḍapa The damaged p
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Top North Manimaṇḍapa Woodcarve
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North Manimaṇḍapa The existing
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3 Panauti, Kirtimukha on the styliz
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7 and 8 South Mandapa Metha nos. 1,
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15 Stylized double roof moulding at
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Krishna Temple, 1637 (Kṛṣṇa M
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Investigation and Research of Krish
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5 Krishna Temple Ground floor plan
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an earthquake. It is only these fou
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Right 16 Damaged stone carving 17 D
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26 Stone type no. 1: Probably basal
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Krsna templa, restoration project.
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Sundari Cok Sundari Cok East Wing (
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Page 361 and 362: Sundari Cok Ground floor and first
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Page 367 and 368: Sundari Cok The brickwork of the ea
Page 369 and 370: Sundari Cok The east wing’s court
Page 371 and 372: Sundari Cok Courtyard, view towards
Page 373 and 374: Sundari Cok The ground floor of the
Page 375 and 376: Sundari Cok The cornice of the proj
Page 377 and 378: Sundari Cok East facade of the cour
Page 379 and 380: Sundari Cok East wing, the ridge be
Page 381: Sundari Cok East wing, courtyard fa
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Page 386 and 387: Top left Mul Chowk west facade with
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Page 390 and 391: Opposite The third level gallery in
Page 392 and 393: Top Taleju Agam North/Mul Cok North
Page 394 and 395: Top Thumbnail of the full Taleju No
Page 396 and 397: Right Detail of the displaced top r
Page 398 and 399: Top Elements of the dismantled dome
Page 400 and 401: Above Workers carefully clean the u
Page 402 and 403: Top Left Planking, marine grade ply
Page 405 and 406: Taleju Agam South (Mul Cok, Patan R
Page 407 and 408: Taleju Agam South Pre-earthquake pr
Page 409: Left and Right Taleju Agam South ro
Page 413 and 414: Historic gilded copper sheet is lai
Page 415 and 416: Top Left and Right Deteriorated wat
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Page 419 and 420: Top Left The top tier roof of South
Page 421 and 422: The South Taleju tower after comple
Page 423 and 424: Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple (Sing
Page 425 and 426: Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple (Sing
Page 427 and 428: Lion Pillar of Bhimsen Temple The r
Page 429 and 430: Appendices Introduction Notes on Po
Page 431 and 432: Appendix I (Rohit Ranjitkar)
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Page 456 and 457: After the massive April 25 earthqua
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19. Traditional Practices and Comme
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the activities prescribed by the re
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(b) The objects displaced from thei
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Kathmandu Valley Preservation Trust
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KVPT’s Patan Darbar Earthquake Response Campaign - Work to Date - September 2016

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