THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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10 THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND articles of encyclopedia, all of these, constitute the history of a nation. In the same way, your valuable reports will be published by the Union of Turkic World Municipalities (in Turkish and English), so it will will make a significant contribution to the study of history of Kazakhstan and Turkey. I believe that the nation supporting history and historians will continue to play an active role in world history at all times. I wish you, on this occasion, the fruitful and successful work of the symposium. Prof. Dr. Fatma Ürekli Head of Department of History
THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 11 ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV AND IDEOLOGICAL REPRESSIONS AND LIMITATIONS IN THE RESEARCH OF KAZAKH HISTORY IN THE SOVIET PERIOD Prof. Dr. Abdulvahap Kara * Historians in the Soviet Union had to work within the confines of Marxism-Leninism ideology. As scholars paid attention to the confines and served the Soviet ideology to receive awards and honors, others that behaved on the contrary were blocked from being promoted and even sentenced to various penalties that had severe consequences such as death and deportation to labor camps in Siberia. However, sometimes, sudden changes in the ideological fields to which historians were subjected occurred, especially during the Stalin era. This caused historions to remain in difficult situations and to be sentenced to heavy punishment. One of the most concrete examples of these historical episodes was Ermukhan Bekmakhanov, a Kazakh historian. During World War II Bekmakhanov started to conduct and write research about Kenesary Kasymuly, who led a powerful rebel movement against the Tsarist Russia hegemony, which pitted him against the Soviet government, the last Kazakh Khan. It was the demands of the regime at that time. Stalin wanted that all pre-1917 Ocotber Revolution national heros be praised in order to give courage and spirit to the troops. But, Bekmakhanov’s completed doctoral thesis coincided with the aftermath of the war. In this period, Stalin instead determined to restrict national heroes that he promoted before the war and to put forward and praise the Russian people and their role in the victory. Therefore, Bekmakhanov’s research conflicted with the Soviet government’s ideology in 1947 when he finished the doctoral thesis, which he began writing in 1941 and coincided well with the objectives indicated by the Soviet elites. For this reason, it can be said that his writing did not run contrary to the ideology, but it was unable to match the rate of change within Soviet ideology and his historical perspective and methodology. His resistence to the pressure to change what he wrote that fit with the pre-war ideology culminated in a 25-year exile to Siberia. He was eventually pardoned and returned home in 1953 after Stalin died and Khrushchev, with his anti-Stalinist policy, took power. Historiography has not always been consistent in terms of ideological methods and goals in the Soviet Union. It changed from time to time as shown in the case of Bekmakhanov. This essay will try to * Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü
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THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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