THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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136 THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND decades after the ‘glasnost’ campaign, following the Soviet demise in the republics and regions of the former Soviet territory. The re-evaluation and writing of history began to be reversed with the detailed interpretation about many forbidden subjects and figures in the history on the former Soviet domain. Academics and intellectuals specializing on the Soviet Union immediately realized these changes and began to work on the subject. 234 Apart from his academic works, the personal life of historian Ermukhan Bekmakhanov mirrors the struggle of Kazaks under the Soviet regime. Bekmakhanov is one of the descendants of the Kazak Khans. He was born in the second year of WWI and spent his childhood during the early years of Soviet consolidation. During the era that the socialist ideology’s so-called class struggle eliminated almost whole “crème de la crème” of native intellectuals in the Soviet empire, Bekmakhanov experienced poverty and destitution as an orphan without a father. He went to Semey to continue his education and lost to hunger his mother and sister living in today’s Pavlodar during the 1931-1932 famine. He was not even able find the remains of his mother and sister. Historians and academics in Kazakstan today are contributing to the evaluation of many vital issues regarding the native Kazak history through studying the case of Ermukhan Bekmakhanov. - First, the reexamination of the historian who worked to analyze the struggle of Kenesary Khan; researchers are clarifying the distortion of a fact that the Kazaks did not accept the Russian over-lordship with their own will. - Secondly, as a result of the above-mentioned research, it became clear that there was a national leader in the nineteenth century in Kazak society and at least a considerable number of people followed and supported his leadership, and further, Kenesary Khan’s legacy intensified the national spiritual strength of the present-day society of Kazaks. Historian Bekmakhanov dealt with a potentially dangerous theme from the perspective of the Soviet ideology by revealing a reality to the light of day through his tireless research in tsarist archives, which were deeply hidden by the Soviet state. - The works of Bekmakhanov reveal the details of reactions and objections of the Kazaks to the tsarist Russian colonization policies and plight of the Kazaks in their ancestral homeland as a result of the occupation of their territory. - Studying this case is essential in bringing to daylight cases such as repentance from political mistakes, unfairness of the regime as 234 Confino, Michael. ”The New Russian Historiography and the Old-Some Considerations,” History and Memory, Vol.21, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2009, pp.7-33.
THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 137 well as disrespect to the scientific research by the supporters of the oppressive totalitarian system of the Soviet era. 235 - This study also uncovers the fact that the Kazaks were subjected to foreign over-lordship at an increasing degree starting from the nineteenth century onwards. As a result of the policies that pressure the Kazak people during the tsarist and later under the Soviet era, Kazak intellectuals have tried to survive and accepted the forceful manipulations of the centrally controlled ideological force. Historians of every age should be aware of the historiography in every state and era in order to reach the right conclusion in their research. Paying attention to this record of history, is vital for historians for the sake of being objective regarding the specific viewpoints, ideas, ideologies of every age and in every society. There are an increasing number of works that examine Soviet-era history from a variety of different angles. The present-day Kazak history is no exception in that regard. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ataov, Turkkaya, “History and Professor Toynbee: A Critique of Western Interpretation, Turkish Yearbook, Vol. IX (1968). Confino, Michael, ”The New Russian Historiography and the Old-Some Considerations,” History and Memory, Vol. 21, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2009, pp.7-33. Sabol, Steven, “Kazak Resistance to Russian colonization: Interpreting the Kenesary Kasymov Revolt (1837-1847), Central Asian Survey, Vol.22(2/3), (June/September 2003), pp.231-252. Yilmaz, Harun, “Soviet Construction of Kazak Batyrs,” in Social and Cultural Change in Central Asia: The Soviet Legacy, edited by Sevket Akyildiz and Richard Carlson, New York: Routledge, 2014, pp. 45-62. Yilmaz, Harun, “History Writing as Agitation and Propaganda: The Kazak History Book of 1943,” Central Asian Survey, Vol.31, No.4 (2012). Zhurtbay, Tursyn, ”Kenesary Zhane Tarihshy E. Bekmakhanov ‘Kazak Halkynyn Zhavy Bolyp Zharialandy?” Alash Ainasy, 02.11.2014. 235 Zhurtbay, Tursyn. ”Kenesary Zhane Tarihshy E. Bekmakhanov ‘Kazak Halkynyn Zhauy Bolyp Zharialandy?” Alash Ainasy, 02.11.2014.
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THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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