THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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144 THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND In the literature of 1940s, the topic of treason was not prevalent. During the second half of 1940s, the picture dramatically changed. The state of warfare in the country deepened the oppression of the totalitarian regime on art and literature. The parameters of this systems were the composition of two fictional characters. The first character was the enemy (Nazism), who was brutal but easily beatable because he was a fool. The second was the Soviet soldier, who was the unbeatable and victorious warrior protecting his homeland. People believed in the power of the Soviet army. This belief went so far that no one considered the probability of treason among the army’s members. The ideological machine did not allow the existence of any traitorous character in literature. The existence of such a character would be regarded as a plot against socialist victories and the newly established socialist Soviet army. Needless to say, these tropes in literature were required and designed to encourage the soldiers who might going to their death. This can be explained by the military tactics used against the enemy. The issue of treason became a central topic only in 1970s-1980s in Soviet literature. To conclude, I want to present a quotation of Kazakhstani author Yu. Dombrovskiy, who experienced the persecution in1940s and 1950s and has some composed some works about this tragedy: “Our period was tough, human relations were complicated, even humans... No! It is very difficult for me to talk about the people of that time, even impossible... I was one of them. All in all, they are not those with us now, my readers. Then, we were forced to carry the toughest problems on our shoulders.” In this way, the authors’ conflict with Stalinism helped them to grasp the essence of Nazism and Communism and directed them to think about the resistance of Europe’s destiny and mankind’s spiritual power against the physical and spiritual tyranny. As nature is composed of infinite births and deaths, the governments established themselves not for the people but against them.
THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 145 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bes Arıs: Estelikter, Esseler jane Zerttev Maqalalar, Qurastırgan D. Aşimhanov, Almatı, Jalın, 1992, p. 544, pp. 68-69. Düysenova, N., Qazaqstandagı XX Gasırdın 40-50 Jıldarındagı “Ultşıldıq” pen “Kosmopolitşıldıqqa Qarsı Küres Nayqanı, Almatı, 2006, p. 150, p. 148-149. Jurtbay, T., “Eto Napisano v Kritiçeskuyu Poru”, Abay, 1996, No2. Nurpeyis, K., E. “Bekmakhanov Pen Onun Kitabi Kalay Jazıldı?”, Qazaq Tarihi, 2005, No2. pp. 5-13. Qapayeva, A., Kultura i Politika (Gosydarstvennaya politika v Oblasti Kultury v Kazahstane vo Vtoroy Polovine 1940-h – 1991gg.), Almatı, Atamura, 2004, p. 328 , p. 53. Süleymenov, R., Guryeviç. B., Ya, L. “Lysenkovşina v Kazahstane”, İzvestya AN RK, Serya Obşetvennyh Nauk, 1992, No3. Takenov, A., “Elüvinşi Jıldardın Basında Qazaq Tariyhı Qalay Qıspaqqa Alındı?”, Qazaq Tariyhı, 1994, No1, p. 3.
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CONTENTS 11 ERMUKHAN BEKMAKHANOV AN
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THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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