THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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122 THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Archive RAN, f.1577, opis 2. d. 71. Baycanova, K. O. “Kazak adet-gurup ququgu boyunşa menşik ququguna iye bolu jane toqtalu adisteri”, Drevniy Mir Prava Kazahov, Almaty, 2004. Bekmakhanov, E. Kazahstan v 20-40 gody XIX. Veka, Almaty, 1992 edition. Fuks, S. L. “Barymta”, Uçeniye Zapiski Harkovskogo Yuridiçeskogo İnstituta. Harkov, 1948, vyp. 3. Kazakh Encylopedia, (red. B. Jakıp), Almaty, 2011. Krader, Lawrens. “Kazakh Ethnoniym”, trans. Serkan Acar, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi (Historical Studies Journal), XXIX /2, 2014. Lysenko, Yu., Kulikova, M.V. Sistema Mestnogo Samoupravleniya v Kazahskoy Stepi: İdeologiya Reform i Problemy Realizatsii (konets XVIII seredina XIX v., p. 183 // BBK 63.3 (2) 5. Materyaly po İstorii Politiçeskogo Stroya Kazahstana, Almaty, 1960. Meyer, L. Kirgizskaya Step Orenburgskogo Vedomstva, 1865. Miropiyev, M. A. O Polojenii Russkih İnorodtsev. St.-Peterburg,1901. Mukanov, S. “Kazak Adebiyetinin Tarihi”, Kazaktın XVIII-XIX Gasırdagı Adebiyetinin Tarihinan Oçerkter, Almaty, 1942. Pokrovskiy, M. N. Diplomatiya i Voyny Tsarskoy Rossii v XIX. Veke, Moskow, 1923. Sayasi Tüsindirme Sözdik, Almaty, 2007. Sereda, N. “Bunt Kirgizskogo Sultana Kenesarı Kasımova”, Vestnik Evropy, 1870, August. Shahmatov, V. F. Vnutrennaya Orda i Vosstaniye İsataya Taymanova, Almaty. 1947. Steblin-Kamenskiy, M. I. “K Istorii Vosstaniya Kenesarı Kasymova”, Istoriçeskiye.Zapiski, Moskow, 1942.
THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 123 KAZAKH INTELLECTUALS OF 1920s AND 1930s AND THEIR SPIRITUAL CONNECTION WITH E. BEKMAKHANOV Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kurmangaliy Darkenov * The spiritual connection between E. Bekmakhanov and Kazakh intellectuals of 1920s and 1930s and the reasons why it happened and how it occurred are significant points to study Kazakhstan’s history. Important characters and persons are the result of historical development. During the process of social development, the individual’s worldview, perceptions, political and ideological views and perspectives took shape. Individuals will inevitably be part of the community’s struggle from changes that occur in the development process of a society and will remain under the influence of the political and ideological events. A person either accepts and supports them or demonstrates a reaction contrary to the perception and understanding. Individuals express personal opinions and beliefs about specific issues. Sometimes they may have views and ideas that reflect opposition against the ideological structure of the political system within the society. E. Bekmakhanov trained during era of Soviet rule, witnessed innovations in every sphere at the state level and contributed to the development of his country that he loved dearly as a citizen and specialist. He felt the ideological influence of the Soviet system in his time and understood the concurrent ideological pressures as well. It is also important to analyse the lives and activities of eminent people and compare their activities according to the current perspectives. One must ask, how did they perceive the development of society? Did the individual embrace contemporary opinions shared by other Kazakh Soviet intellectuals or did internal contradictions and conflicts occur? This essay examines the spiritual connection between E. Bekmakhanov and Kazakh intellectuals during 1920s and 1930s. With Kazakhstan’s declaration of independence, science and history advanced rapidly and the historical gap occurred suddenly, which affected all areas of the republic’s social life. Over time, new documents emerged from the dusty shelves of libraries and new information developed based on these rediscovered documents; overall, a new historical and educational approach occurred. In the late 1980s, early 1990s, new studies addressed topics such as the Alash Movement, the activities of the leading ideas and intellectuals of the1920s and 1930s, and the “Bekmakhanov case” were revealed from the important documents that appeared in numerous publications. These developments * L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University
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THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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