THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND
should be consolidated. The materials that will strengthen the atheism
should be used again and again. Teachers should never forget these
principles when preparing the class program.” 251
Soviet ideologists pushed the responsibility of teaching communist
education through history classes to the level of primary school. In the
guidebook for IV. classes explaining what kind of communist education
could be reached through history classes, the history teachers’ goals are
illustrated as follows: “To gain a communism education to new generations
the parables from USSR history are very important. Students should
take parables from history of Soviet with aim to increase endearment to
multinational country, Communist Party and Soviet nation.” 252
The Question of Kazakhstan’s Voluntarily Participation to Russia
One of the fields of applications of the new history thesis was
Turkestan and Kazakhstan. Soviet historians, fell under pressure of
Communist Party that came together with Bolshevik revolution, started
retrospectively emphasizing the brotherhood of Soviet nation. Instead
of the negative things that happened in Tsardom period, it’s started
rewriting of history that will strengthen the unity of nations. That’s
because the facts that bloody and challenging war that happened in
near Kazakhstan history leaved very deep traces in minds of Kazakh
people. In Kazakhstan it was impossible to establish the Soviet brotherhood
with society mind shaped on unfair occupation and wars. For
that reasons, topics like general history and the process of Russia’s
occupation of Turkestan and Kazakhstan are considered again according
to new conception of history.
According to the new understanding, uniting Kazakh Zhuses with
Russia in Tsardom period happened totally voluntarily. Soviet thesis
was based on the letter that they claim Ebu’l Hayr, the khan of Kazakhs
of Little Zhus sent in 1730 by one envoy to Russian Tsarina Anna
Ivanova. According to that letter, Ebu’l Hayr Han was asking Tsarina
for protection with these words: “We could make a near relationship
with Bashkirs, who live near river Yayik under your citizenship. The
leader of Bashkirs Aldarbay asked us to you send envoy. He’s asking
to you to take Kazakhs of Little Zhus, which are now under our control,
under your auspices. We wish to live in peace with Bashkirs near Yayik
under your control.” In published letter there is no signature of Ebu’l
Hayr Han. The letter was signed by envoys. In 1730, the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Russia reported Ebu’l Hayr Han’s auspices wish to
251 IV. Klas Kazak SSR Tarihi Materyaldarının Okutuv, Almatı, 1970, p. 5
252 IV. Klas Okuşularına Tarih Saktarı Jolymen Komunizm Terbiyesi Beruv, Almatı, 1972, p.
6.