THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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126 THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND of work on Kazakh history, literature and culture, and he published Nısanbay’s poem called “Kenesarı – Navrızbay”. 209 In 1923 he also wrote a review of “Kenesarı-Navrızbay” epic by Ebubekir Divayev. H. Dosmuhammedov, in his brief study called “Short Description about Teymanulı İsatay Led Uprising”, said that “the most powerful Kazakh national uprisings in 18th and 19th century were those of Sırım, İsatay and Kenesarı. The main purpose of these three uprising was to save Kazakh people from the Russian rule”. 210 H. Dosmuhamedov knew perfectly the resources and legends related to the Kenesari uprising and hence he was clear on this issue in retrospect. Therefore, he could rightfully direct Bekmakhanov as he shared his ideas with him. Even Bekmakhanov’s wife, Halima Bekmuhamedova, said in her memoirs that “H. Dosmuhamedov could inform my husband about Kenesarı in the Voronezh Pedagogical Institute”. 211 It took courage for Bekmakhanov to befriend H. Dosmuhamedov, stigmatized as he was by the regime as a nationalist and public enemy. Bekmakhanov could also meet publicly with well-known civil servants and Alash intellectuals Jahanşa Dosmuhamedov, Abdülhamit ve Jakıp Akbayev, Aşim Omarov, Seydazim Kadirbayev, Karim Toktabayev, Muhammedjan Tınışbayev, Jumakan Kuderin, and Muhtar Murzin while visiting H. Dosmuhamedov’s home. 212 These encounters affected the formation of Bekmakhanov’s combative character and his courage. It was obvious that Bekmakhanov analysed and was influenced by A. Bökeyhanov’s Russian work “Relevant Additional Documents with Kenesar Sultan Term” and M. Avezov’s “Khanete Kenesi”. After publishing his work “From Kazakh History” about the uprising led by Kenesar Kasımoğlu, Köşke Kemengerulı put forward that “he did not wear immediately the yoke of Kazakh government and resisted it for a long time. But the rebellion occurring everywhere did not get out of the tribe frame. General public rebellion occurred with the leadership of Kenesarı”. 213 It also showed the reasons for the defeat of Kenesarı in a systematic way: “reasons for the defeat of the Kenasarı movement: 1) great Juz and the Kyrgyz supported Russia as they thought that Russia would 209 Dosmuhamedulı H., Alaman, Almatı, 1991. P. 100. 210 Dosmuhamedulı H., Taymanulı İsataydın Qozgalısı Tuvrasında Kıskaşa Maglumat. Tandamalı (İzbrannoye), Almatı, Ana tili Yay. 1998, p. 52. 211 Türkistan, 26 April 2004. 212 Nürpeyisov K. - Kulkenov M. - Habijanov B. - Mektepov A., Halel Dosmuhamedulı Jane Onın Ömiri men Şıgarmaşılıgı, Almatı. 1996. p. 161. 213 Kemengerulı K., Kazak Tarihınan. Karsı Kozgalıstar. Tandamalı, Almatı, Kazakistan Yay. 1996. p. 54.
THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 127 be supportive of them throughout their lives. 2) Small Juz entered in the yoke of slavery and even it had no power to act. 3) In Middle Juz the economic situation was poor and there was unrest in the society. 4) The Russians had been organized better in the military sense and was a strongly armed. T. Şonanulı stated that “Kenesarı claimed that we will not surrender our ancestors’ country into the hands of Russian but in the end Kenesarı was defeated and forced to seek a new place to retreat in Aladag.” It is another historical reality to put it that way and say that stories about Kenesarı rebellion and fight were an independent voice of Kazakh people. S. Asfendiyarov accepted Kenasarı movement in 1837 as “The latest and greatest of the Kazakh national revolt against Czarist government.” Although Bekmakhanov knew what kind of punismeht the 1920 and 1930s Kazak intellectuals had received just for investigating the Kenesarı rebellion, he continued his research. He demonstrated their statements and data without any hesitation regarding the socio-political conditions. It was a true and fair indication of science and the effort undertaken as the best way to serve the people. Bekmakhanov as a researcher and scientist trained himself well and work efficiently. He succesfully defended his PhD thesis, titled the “Kazakh National Struggle in the Leadership of Kenesarı Kasimov (1937-1947),” in 1943 at Moscow, under the USSR Academy of Sciences Institute of Science Board. Earning the title of doctor at the young age of 28 years old, resulted in his further inspiration and willingness to continue in his research. He collected data for his professorship for three years and investigated archives in Moscow, Leningrad, Omsk, Almaty, and Tashkent. After considerable effort, he obtained his professorship in 1946 with the thesis called “Kazakhstan in 20-40 years in the XIX Century.” After a year passed, he published his work in the form of a monograph and demonstrated Kenesarı movement as a national independence struggle. It was a great success of publishing the book 1943 called “Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic from the Ancient to the Present Time” and therefore it was offered as an award to Stalin. However, the evaluating board formed with Russian pundits A. I. Yakvlev had critisized the book, calling it “the book is against Russians” 214 and thus it generated heated debates for years to come. Discussions about the book’s notions of a national struggle took place on 12 November 1943. But the book was reviewed as “It bears attitude towards Russians and praised too much on national struggle against Russia” in May and 214 Voprosı İstorii, 1988, No11. p. 54.
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THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

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