THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 175
establishment of Academy of Sciences. Journals were published as
news in the History Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
The works of historians could be published in the scientific journals
called «News» that existed at universities. Despite the constant
change of names and temporality of some journals, they helped
historians in terms of publication. In this system, historians tried to
publish their works to conform with Bolshevik ideology. The editorial
and advisory boards, along with the management of these journals,
were the members of the Communist Parties.
8. The Historian and Abroad
For historians, just like to other scientists, it is important to be
aware of new publications and advances in the entire world as it is
related to their professional field. But, scientists and historians in the
USSR faced difficulties, such as persecution by the Soviet government
that controlled all incoming and outgoing publications through its
ideological prisms, so that historians had to write works that were in
accord with Soviet ideology.
The entry and exit, export and import, of all books and publications
in the Soviet Union were carried out by the institution called
«International Book». The Soviet Union Author’s Rights Agency (VAAPI
-Vsesoyuznoe agentstvo avtorskix prav) was responsible for all publications
entering the country and being sent abroad. A censorship
organization GLAVLIT also played a big role in the review of incoming
and outgoing works in the USSR.
According to data from 1928, 55,400 foreign language books, 250,948
units of magazines and newspapers entering to the country form
outside world were introduced. 3,098 of these books (5,5 %) and
19,718 units of magazines and newspapers (7,8 %) were prohibited. 317
The ideological approach applied to the export and import of
publications was also evident in the control of scientists who were
coming to the USSR or going out. Since 1930, such prohibitions were
widely enforced. The international scientific relations experienced
a serious crisis in 1930, which continued until 1937. In that period,
travel by scientists abroad was prohibited, some foreign scientists
were deported from the country, and a large number of them were
arrested. International conferences were organized in the country,
but the government banned anyone from sending materials abroad. 318
317 “ГЛАВЛИТ”, Литерaтурнaя Энциклопедия в 11 томaх. Том 2, Moscow
1930.
318 Виногрaдовa, T. В. – Кожевников, А. В., “Учений и госудaрство: