THE SOVIET HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY

THE QUESTION OF KAZAKHSTAN’S HISTORY 105
dent state in 1465 comply with the state formation issue of the Kazakh
nation. As evidence to our words, we can provide certain information.
The state as a concept was first investigated by philosophers such
as Polybius, Aristotle, Sun Tzu, Al Farabi, and Ibn Khaldoun; this concept
is now widely studied by contemporary social scientists. 162 The
state as a concept requires highlighting the emergence of political
civilizations and their transformation processes, the logic and strategy
of the reciprocal actions stemming from human-state relations, and
the nature of an administration phenomenon rather than the rules
of state administration or state’s political and judicial infrastructure.
Furthermore, we need to research the history of states or entities in
state form, which gradually developed as the “system of system” 163
and prevailed in certain territories and regions during different epochs.
State formation, per se, has a peculiar national and moral nature
and national and cultural stance. It is like an infinite history containing
certain moral values and administrative experiences. For example, we
cannot confine the history of today’s independent Kazakhstan to the
boundaries of the Kazakh Khanate. Our civilization’s predecessors, the
Scythians, Huns, Gokturks, Golden Horde Khanate, Kazakh Khanate,
their administrative norms such as Mete Shanyui Khan, Bumin Khan,
Istemi Khan, Esim Khan, Kasym Khan, Tavke Khan, Abylai Khan, Kenessary
Khan, and their administrative reforms along with the historical
experiences, reflect our national state system.
While searching the national state history, we have to:
First, identify the nature and background of the phenomena, such as formation
of state systems and institutions, and their transformations and decay;
Second, identify the role of historical personalities who contributed
to the creation and progress of the Kazakh nation’s political civilization,
coupled with the state’s geopolitical, judicial, and socio-cultural aspects.
Third, investigate the Republic of Kazakhstan’s state institutions
(administration, administrative organizations, and their branches and
ideologies etc.) and inter-institutional relations.
To wit, to search thoroughly the concept of a national state on a
periodic basis will undoubtedly promote our national consciousness
not only as human beings but also as citizens.
After summarizing the concept of state, we can observe this method
clearly reflected in the Kazakh nation under Russian subjugation and
concurrent state formation in Bekmakhanov’s masterpiece “Kazakhstan
162 Timofeeva A. A., Problemy Stanovlenya i Razvitiya Rossiyskoy Gosudarstvennosti:
uçev. Posobiye, A. A. Timofeeva, M, MPSİ, 2009, p.7.
163 Şaburov. A. S., “Gosudarstvo i Gosudarstvennost’: Voprosy Sootnoşeniya”, İzvestiya,
İGEA, 2012, No3 (83), pp.126-129.