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MERCURY 130 2. HEALTH EFFECTS the THg. A quantitative behavioral neurophysiological test battery, designed for use under standard conditions in an area without electricity and for persons with minimal formal education was administered to all participants. The results of visual testing showed that although all participants had good near and far visual acuity, color discrimination capacity (Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel) decreased with increasing THg (F=4.1; p=0.05); near visual contrast sensitivity profiles (Vistech 6000) and peripheral visual field profiles (Goldman Perimetry with Targets I and V) were reduced for those with the highest levels of THg. For the women, manual dexterity (Santa Ana, Helsinki version) decreased with increasing THg (F=16.7; p
MERCURY 131 2. HEALTH EFFECTS any exposure group. The methylmercury-treated monkeys (all groups) appeared normal in terms of cage behavior throughout the entire exposure period, supporting the conclusion that there was no significant loss in the neuron population. Examination of tissue samples did not reveal any apparent degradation in the structure of neurons or chronic changes in the glial cells (e.g., the appearance of hypertrophic astrocytes), which are commonly observed following exposure to high levels of mercury. No apparent dilation of the perivascular spaces was observed. The average volume of the cortex of the calcarine sulcus did not differ significantly from controls for any methylmercury-treated group. The methylmercury-clearance group had low levels of methylmercury present in tissues; however, the level of inorganic mercury was also elevated. The astrocytes and microglia in the methylmercury group contained the largest deposits of inorganic mercury. Comparing the results of the methylmercury and inorganic mercury groups suggests that inorganic mercury may be responsible for the increase in reactive glia (Charleston et al. 1994). Charleston et al. (1996) studied the effects of long-term subclinical exposure to methylmercury on the number of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells and pericytes within the thalamus from the left side of the brain of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. These parameters were determined by use of the Optical Volume Fractionator stereological method. The accumulated burden of inorganic mercury (IHg) within these same cell types has been determined by autometallographic methods. Four groups of female monkeys (n=4-5) were exposed to 50 µg Hg/kg/day methylmercury in apple juice for 6, 12, or 18 months, or 12 months followed by 6 months without exposure (clearance group). One control animal each was sacrificed with the 6- and 12-month exposure groups, and two additional animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. All monkeys appeared normal—no changes in behavior or motor skills were observed. Hematological function (white blood cell count and differentiation, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices) and blood chemistry (urea nitrogen, creatine, bilirubin, albumin, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, and electrolytes) were normal. No weight loss was observed. Neurons, oligodendrocytes, endothelia, and pericytes did not show a significant change in cell number for any exposure group. Astrocyte cell number exhibited a significant decline for both the 6-month (44.6%) and clearance exposure groups (37.2%); decreased astrocyte counts were also observed in the other exposure groups, but these were not significant. The microglia, in contrast, showed a significant increase in the 18-month (228%) and clearance exposure groups (162%). Results from mercury speciation and quantification analysis of contralateral matched samples from the thalamus of the right side of the brain from these same monkeys indicated that methylmercury concentrations plateaued at around 12 months exposure, whereas the inorganic levels, presumably derived from demethylation of methylmercury, continued to increase throughout all exposure durations. Autometallographic determination of the
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TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR MERCURY U
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MERCURY UPDATE STATEMENT A Toxicolo
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MERCURY Managing Hazardous Material
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MERCURY PEER REVIEW A peer review p
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MERCURY 2.2.3 Dermal Exposure .....
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MERCURY xvi APPENDICES B. ATSDR MIN
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MERCURY LIST OF TABLES 2-1 Levels o
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MERCURY 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT
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MERCURY 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2. HEALTH
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS This prof
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS bronchiti
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS A 39-year
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS effects o
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MERCURY Gastrointestinal Effects 2.
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS home as a
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MERCURY Renal Effects 2. HEALTH EFF
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS pathologi
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MERCURY Ocular Effects 2. HEALTH EF
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS the T-cel
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS In case r
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS A 27-year
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS The TWA m
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS reversibl
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MERCURY 2.2.1.5 Reproductive Effect
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MERCURY 2.2.1.6 Developmental Effec
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS acquiring
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS control s
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MERCURY 2. HEALTH EFFECTS compounds
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MERCURY 181 2. HEALTH EFFECTS side
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MERCURY 183 2. HEALTH EFFECTS pathw
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MERCURY 185 2.3.4 Elimination and E
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MERCURY 188 2. HEALTH EFFECTS worke
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MERCURY 190 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Rowla
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MERCURY 193 2. HEALTH EFFECTS 2.3.5
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MERCURY 208 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Oral
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MERCURY 210 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Strai
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MERCURY 212 2. HEALTH EFFECTS enzym
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MERCURY 214 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Recen
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MERCURY 216 2. HEALTH EFFECTS 1995)
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MERCURY 218 2. HEALTH EFFECTS autoa
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MERCURY 220 2.5 RELEVANCE TO PUBLIC
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MERCURY 222 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Pheny
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MERCURY 224 2. HEALTH EFFECTS mercu
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MERCURY 226 2. HEALTH EFFECTS nonst
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MERCURY 228 2. HEALTH EFFECTS appre
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MERCURY 230 2. HEALTH EFFECTS the M
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MERCURY 232 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Emplo
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MERCURY 234 C 2. HEALTH EFFECTS and
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MERCURY 236 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Nakag
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MERCURY 238 2. HEALTH EFFECTS • (
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MERCURY 240 Supporting Studies 2. H
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MERCURY 242 2. HEALTH EFFECTS and e
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MERCURY 248 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Iraqi
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MERCURY 251 2. HEALTH EFFECTS al. (
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MERCURY 253 2. HEALTH EFFECTS The a
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MERCURY 255 2. HEALTH EFFECTS The N
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MERCURY 257 2. HEALTH EFFECTS NOAEL
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MERCURY 259 2. HEALTH EFFECTS where
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MERCURY 262 2. HEALTH EFFECTS they
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MERCURY 264 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Anima
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MERCURY 266 2. HEALTH EFFECTS acute
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MERCURY 268 2. HEALTH EFFECTS and d
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MERCURY 270 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Rowen
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MERCURY 272 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Tunne
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MERCURY 274 2. HEALTH EFFECTS 1992;
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MERCURY 276 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Neuro
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MERCURY 278 2. HEALTH EFFECTS serot
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MERCURY 280 2. HEALTH EFFECTS (0.06
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MERCURY 282 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Devel
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MERCURY 284 2. HEALTH EFFECTS The i
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MERCURY 292 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Cance
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MERCURY 294 2. HEALTH EFFECTS numbe
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MERCURY 296 2. HEALTH EFFECTS of in
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MERCURY 298 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Studi
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MERCURY 300 2. HEALTH EFFECTS or ot
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MERCURY 302 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Wheth
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MERCURY 304 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Acute
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MERCURY 306 2. HEALTH EFFECTS appar
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MERCURY 308 2. HEALTH EFFECTS most
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MERCURY 310 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Conce
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MERCURY 312 2. HEALTH EFFECTS The m
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MERCURY 314 2. HEALTH EFFECTS 5-10%
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MERCURY 316 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Japan
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MERCURY 320 2. HEALTH EFFECTS dysfu
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MERCURY 324 2. HEALTH EFFECTS selen
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MERCURY 326 2. HEALTH EFFECTS at do
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MERCURY 328 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Proba
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MERCURY 330 2. HEALTH EFFECTS parti
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MERCURY 332 2. HEALTH EFFECTS is me
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MERCURY 334 2. HEALTH EFFECTS 2.10.
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MERCURY 340 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Infor
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MERCURY 342 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Acute
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MERCURY 344 2. HEALTH EFFECTS chron
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MERCURY 346 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Repro
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MERCURY 350 2. HEALTH EFFECTS corre
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MERCURY 363 3.1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY 3
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MERCURY 374 4. PRODUCTION, IMPORT/E
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MERCURY 380 5. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN
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MERCURY 396 5.2.3 Soil 5. POTENTIAL
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MERCURY 487 6. ANALYTICAL METHODS T
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MERCURY 492 6. ANALYTICAL METHODS (
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MERCURY 494 6. ANALYTICAL METHODS S
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MERCURY 503 6. ANALYTICAL METHODS w
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MERCURY 505 6. ANALYTICAL METHODS T
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MERCURY 509 7. REGULATIONS AND ADVI
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MERCURY 525 8. REFERENCES *Abbas MN
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MERCURY 527 8. REFERENCES *Allard B
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MERCURY 529 8. REFERENCES *Aten J,
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MERCURY 531 8. REFERENCES *Barnes D
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MERCURY 533 8. REFERENCES *Berlin M
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MERCURY 535 8. REFERENCES *Bloom NS
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MERCURY 537 8. REFERENCES *Bullock
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MERCURY 539 8. REFERENCES *Castedo
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MERCURY 541 8. REFERENCES *Christie
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MERCURY 545 8. REFERENCES *DeBont B
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MERCURY 547 8. REFERENCES *Dutczak
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MERCURY 549 8. REFERENCES *EPA. 198
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MERCURY 551 8. REFERENCES *EPA. 199
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MERCURY 553 8. REFERENCES *Erfurth
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MERCURY 555 8. REFERENCES *Fleming
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MERCURY 557 8. REFERENCES *Ganser A
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MERCURY 561 8. REFERENCES *Gutenman
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MERCURY 565 8. REFERENCES *IARC 199
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MERCURY 591 8. REFERENCES *Rice DC.
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MERCURY 593 8. REFERENCES *Sager PR
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MERCURY 611 9. GLOSSARY Absorption
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MERCURY 613 9. GLOSSARY Incidence
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MERCURY 615 9. GLOSSARY Physiologic
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MERCURY 617 9. GLOSSARY Uncertainty
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MERCURY A-2 APPENDIX A MRLs are int
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MERCURY A-4 APPENDIX A Was a conver
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MERCURY A-6 APPENDIX A MINIMAL RISK
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MERCURY A-8 APPENDIX A MINIMAL RISK
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MERCURY A-10 APPENDIX A MINIMAL RIS
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MERCURY A-12 Converting blood conce
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MERCURY A-14 APPENDIX A dose in the
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MERCURY A-16 APPENDIX A possibility
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MERCURY A-18 APPENDIX A Seychelles
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MERCURY A-20 APPENDIX A panel that
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MERCURY A-22 APPENDIX A fish-eating
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MERCURY A-24 APPENDIX A pharmacokin
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MERCURY B-2 APPENDIX B (2) Exposure
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1 SAMPLE 6 TABLE 2-1. Levels of Sig
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MERCURY B-7 APPENDIX B To derive an
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MERCURY C-2 APPENDIX C ECD electron
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MERCURY C-4 APPENDIX C PAH Polycycl
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