Etymologies of Brazilian Amphibians

Herpetologia Brasileira - Suplemento 1
papillaris: L. papillaris, provided with papillae. Hyla papillaris Spix, 1824. (“...
punctulis roseo-albicantibus numerosissime conspersum ...”). In the synonymy
of Boana punctata (Schneider, 1799).
paracnemis: G. para (παρά), by the side of, beside, alongside + G. cnemis
(κνήμης), lower part of the leg, shin. Bufo paracnemis A. Lutz, 1925. (“...
En outre des parotides énormes il y a, au long du tibia, une serie de glandules
formant une masse et contenant la même sécrétion laiteuse et toxique
...”). Also Bufo marinus paracnemis — Müller & Hellmich, 1936. In
the synonymy of Rhinella diptycha (Cope, 1862).
paradoxa, paradoxus: G. paradoxos (παραδοξως), strange, contrary to expectation.
Rana paradoxa Linnaeus, 1758. [Seba’s 1734 Rana piscis included
in the original synonymy. Together with Merian (1719), they indicated that
the adult frogs of that species were transformed into fish, in a kind of “inverse
metamorphosis”]. Also Pseudes paradoxa — Wiegmann, 1832. Pseudis
paradoxus — Savage & Carvalho, 1953. Pseudis paradoxus paradoxus
— Gallardo, 1961. Today Pseudis paradoxa (Linnaeus, 1758).
paraensis: P. Pará, river, city and state in northern Brazil, from T. pará, mighty,
fast flowing river; sea + L. -ensis, belonging to a place. (1) Dendrobates
paraensis Boulenger, 1913. (“... Eight specimens, from Para, are preserved
in the British Museum ...”). In the synonymy of Adelphobates galactonotus
(Steindachner, 1864). (2) Eupemphix paraensis Müller, 1923. (“...
Peixeboi (an der Bragancabahn), Staat Para, Nord-Brasilien ...”). In the
synonymy of Engystomops petersi Jiménez de la Espada, 1872. (3) Leptodactylus
paraensis Heyer, 2005. (“... Brazil; Pará, Serra de Kukoinhokren,
07°46’S,51°57’W ...”). (4) Oedipus paraensis Unterstein, 1930. (“... Gefunden
wurde das Tier von dem Fänger der Firma Scholze & Poetzschke, Berlin,
Herrn Praetorius, in einem Vororte (Sta. Isabel) in der nächsten Nähe
der Stadt Para am Amazonenstrom ...”). Also in the combinatons Bolitoglossa
(Eladinea) paraensis — Parra-Olea et al., 2004. Today Bolitoglossa
paraensis (Unterstein, 1930).
paraguayensis: S. Paraguay, South American country + L. -ensis, belonging to a
place. Rhinella paraguayensis Ávila et al., 2010. (“... The specific epithet
is an adjective, derived from the type locality of the new species: the Para-
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