Servicios de Abastecimiento y Saneamiento - La Tribuna del Agua

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SERVICIOS DE ABASTECIMIENTO Y SANEAMIENTO RÉSUMÉ: RECYCLAGE DES EAUX USÉES, UNE SOLUTION POUVANT CONTRIBUER À LA DURABILITÉ DE L’EAU Nicolas Renard De nouvelles raretés appellent l’invention de nouvelles ressources. Les eaux usées, ces fameuses « eaux hostiles », sont maintenant jugées utiles. Les ressources alternatives offrent la possibilité de repenser la gestion de l’eau dans les régions où les ressources en eau se raréfient. Le recyclage des eaux est une solution éprouvée pour produire une eau destinée à un usage industriel, agricole et même domestique, et pour garantir une plus grande durabilité de cette ressource. Dans ces régions, l’eau est une ressource bien trop précieuse pour n’être utilisée qu’une seule fois avant d’être retournée à la nature. Pour des raisons sanitaires, soin et professionnalisme accrus doivent être les maîtres mots de ce recyclage. Le recyclage des eaux usées est une stratégie gagnant-gagnant en ce sens qu’il permet d’augmenter l’approvisionnement en eau tout en diminuant la quantité de polluants déversés dans la nature. 236 RESÚMENES 3 exemples de recyclage des eaux usées sont décrits : - Windhoek (Namibie) : récupération directe de l’eau pour un usage domestique ; - Adélaïde (Australie) : recyclage des eaux usées et recharge des aquifères ; - Honolulu, Hawaii : recyclage des eaux usées dans l’industrie. Mais plusieurs défis restent à relever pour développer cette solution pleine d’avenir et assurer une plus grande durabilité de l’eau, à savoir : venir à bout de la répugnance psychologique que suggère la réutilisation des eaux usées recyclées, réduire la consommation d’énergie, vaincre la concurrence des ressources en eau conventionnelles bon marché. MOTS CLÉS: Eaux usées, recyclage, durabilité, ressources en eau, pénurie d’eau, prix de l’eau, auto-suffisance en eau, recharge des aquifères, technologie membranaire, consommation d’énergie.
SERVICIOS DE ABASTECIMIENTO Y SANEAMIENTO Recycling wastewater, a solution to contribute to sustainability in water Nature is rich in water and for thousands of years mankind has been living without paying much attention to it, except in arid zones, or in regions devastated by flooding. But today, water resources appear to be dwindling. We are seeing a resurgence of the problems of quantity that we thought had been solved. Imbalances between availability and demand, groundwater mining, quality degradation, interregional competition, all bring water issues to the fore. In this context, recycling wastewater is more and more used. It seems to be a promising solution to achieve sustainability in water. I’d like to describe the challenges, the assets and shortcomings of recycled wastewater, by telling you about the experiences of Veolia Water, the world’s leading operator of water and wastewater services. I - New resources to deal with new scarcities The idea of scarcity underwent a sea change in the XXth century: new scarcities appeared while old ones disappeared. But the new shortages call for the invention of new resources. Just as things that we once thought abundant have become scarce, what we considered waste has been transformed into a resource. Wastewater, that so-called “hostile water,” is now deemed to be useful. • Water is too valuable a resource to be used just once before being returned to Nature. Alternative resources provide room to rethink water management in regions stricken by hydric stress. Wastewater recycling is a tried-andtested solution for producing water suitable for industrial, agricultural and even domestic use. Where there is too little water, the solution lies not so much in ‘sharing scarcity’, but in resorting 237 COMUNICADOS to alternative resources. The local closing of the water cycle, which creates numerous urban minicycles, avoids the premature returning of water to Nature after a single use. This process applies the principles of industrial ecology to a continuous and open cycle, the water cycle. This enormous, artificially-created short circuit in the water cycle performs the purification work that is carried out by nature over a long route which goes from rivers to the sea, then from the sea to the clouds before falling to earth. What is more, it reduces discharges of purified wastewater into the natural environment. Wastewater recycling is a win-win strategy since it increases the supply of water while reducing the pollution discharged into the environment. In so doing, it contributes to breaking the too frequently observed link between urban growth and the pollution of aquatic environments. In the world, 165 billion m 3 of wastewater are collected and treated, but only 2 % are reused. Recycling wastewater is undoubtedly a promising approach, capable of supplying large quantities of water. All the more so given that wastewater is the only resource that expands along with increasing needs; all the more so given that this resource is located exactly where it is needed. Hardly surprising that the world’s installed capacity for recycling it is expected to quadruple in the course of the next decade. It is increasingly viewed as a “secondary raw material”. Veolia Water is the world leader for this technologies with regarded to installation capacities. It has designed and operates wastewater reuse facilities with a total capacity over 2.5 million m 3 per day. • Wastewater recycling, a tool to face growing water scarcity in a context
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Servicios de Abastecimiento y Saneamiento - La Tribuna del Agua

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