Servicios de Abastecimiento y Saneamiento - La Tribuna del Agua

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SERVICIOS DE ABASTECIMIENTO Y SANEAMIENTO RÉSUMÉ: LES ENJEUX LIÉS À LA SÉCURITÉ DES RÉSEAUX D’APPROVISIONNEMENT EN EAU Ilan Juran La gestion de la sécurité des réseaux d’approvisionnement en eau couvre un vaste champ d’application et intéresse de plus en plus les services d’eau et les consommateurs en termes de qualité de service. De nombreux outils permettent aux services d’eau d’optimiser cette 258 RESÚMENES gestion. Continuer d’adopter de meilleures pratiques constitue un bon moyen de se tourner résolument vers l’amélioration constante. Et la communauté internationale des services d’eau apparaît comme un cadre propice au partage fructueux d’enseignements pouvant servir à tous.
SERVICIOS DE ABASTECIMIENTO Y SANEAMIENTO 259 COMUNICADOS Water supply security issues and trends. Nuevos retos en la seguridad de los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua Introduction Water availability is a vital need for the human beings but only those who lack this drinking water in quantity and quality really know the value of it. This appears all the more true when people in developed countries find themselves confronted with unexpected interruptions of their water supply. The apparition of wide access to safe water at the tap for any ordinary citizens which started like 150 years ago has led those citizens to rely on others, the local authority and by extension the water service operators, for ensuring their usual and basic needs for water. The likelihood of being faced to a catastrophe and as a result suffering large and persistent interruption of the water supply, whatever the origins are, varies mainly according to the geographical situation, the availability of the resource and the growing needs. But any water utility should be aware of the potential risks of such events and be prepared for it. The concern of the population with the water supply failure possibility is generally reversely proportioned to the level of service; and those who never questioned themselves about what lies behind the simple action of turning the tap also never imagined the dramatic consequences of such failures. There probably lies the paradox where while the water infrastructure is generally very expensive compared to other infrastructure, like wireless telecommunications, most people consider that the acceptable cost for water supply should be very low. The recent trend has shown the development of water supply security concern: the promotion of Water Safety Plans by WHO, the creation of a Specialist Group in the IWA and new ISO standards are just examples. On the other hand, governments also show their concern with new regulations while others, like the Swiss, already have done so during the last decade of the twentieth century. The definition of water supply security is not worldwide accepted since it only really applies where actual water service is considered sufficiently satisfying. Indeed, maintaining the normal standard is the general objective, but then what happens when a crisis comes? It is amazing to see how throughout the world supposed similar populations react differently when confronted to the same situation: as an example, boiling alerts issued by the utility or by the sanitary authority will be viewed somewhere as a simple incident, and elsewhere with suspicious by frightened consumers. The utilities have to take into account that culture and past experience strongly change the perception of the average consumer. Whenever objectives in terms of minimum requirements are not fixed by the government or the local authorities, the water utilities are left on their own for defining their commitments. On the other hand, when these objectives exist, the utilities just have to comply with the imposed standard requirements. Since September 11 2001, the concern about terrorism and its consequences has considerably raised in many countries. Like for other vital infrastructure, the water utilities were given new constraints more or less demanding for the protection of the populations. The potential risk of attacks on the drinking water supply is not to be diminished though it appears that other acts like bombing seem to have the preference of the terrorists.
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Semaine Thématique 5 Cadre régula
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SOCIOS PATROCINADORES PATROCINADORE
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Servicios de Abastecimiento y Saneamiento - La Tribuna del Agua

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