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The first model, the dominant one, is essentially
based on external flexibility, through outsourcing,
subcontracting, self-employment, short-time contracts,
and interim. This model has clear impacts on
employment: segmentation of the labour market,
mass unemployment, increasing precariousness. In
this model, the workforce is considered only as an
input that has to be adjusted to variations of
demand. A labour legislation favourable to all the
forms of external flexibility is supporting the
growth of this model.
The second model, at present mainly limited in
its application to the North of Europe, is more
Patricia Vendramin
based on internal flexibility. The two mains adjustment
tools are functional flexibility through polyvalence,
education and training and working time
flexibility with various working time arrangements.
This second model contributes to an improvement
in working conditions and employment.
The current challenge, for all countries, is to
give to the new forms of work and employment a
full-fledged framework of reference (legal, social
and cultural), in order to transfer the social achievements
of the industrial society to the information
society.