PARTIE 2 - Icomos

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Theme 2 Session 2 Examination of the Effect of Building Construction Policies on the Conservation of Vernacular Building Techniques has been implemented, the mindset of academia and the government were clearly inclined toward the standardization of the building system and techniques. As the standardization of the building system and techniques proceeded nationwide, the vernacular building system and techniques on Amami had to be abandoned by the people who had developed and supported the building system over the centuries without the opportunity to examine the value of their system and the techniques. They were not consulted, or a part of the decision-making on the new building policies, they were simply required to comply with the policies, as were all other regions in Japan. Adverse consequences can be observed in buildings following the codes. Suda reported that the typhoon in 1977 damaged the residential buildings in Okino Erabu Island greatly because they lacked proper provisions to resist the strong wind (Suda 1984). The new materials and techniques such as galvanized iron roofing, connecters used for the frame and truss, and the aluminum window sashes, were too light or weak to resist the wind from the typhoon. The new residential site plan, composed of one large building instead of several small buildings, was also not appropriate for wind resistance. The new building materials proved to be unable to resist termite and the humid conditions found on Amami. The changes in the building system brought a change in human relationships. For instance, there used to be a traditional custom performed by the master carpenter and the building owner. On a designated day, the owner visited the master carpenter’s house to offer gifts to the God of Carpenter shrine to thank the carpenter for his work (Fig.6). This signified that the owner formally received the house from the carpenter. This custom is no longer practiced because the modern building techniques and system reduced the responsibility of the carpenter greatly; thus, the traditional relationship between the owner and the carpenter which was based on close mutual trust as well as much respect for the carpenter by the owner has vanished (Hisamitsu Toku, interview by author, Amami Oshima, Japan, August 2, 2010.). Yui has not been practiced in building projects for many years, so some elder villagers sense that younger villagers, who lived outside the island for a long time and came back to the village after retirement, do not have an understanding of Yui spirit, which can cause some miscommunication among villagers (Eizo Katsu and Masayuki Watari, interview by author, Amami-Oshima, Japan, August 4, 2010.). 4. Conclusion The significance of vernacular building system and Fig.6 God God of Carpenter of Carpenter enshrined enshrined at a master at a master carpenter’s house house techniques in Amami is described below: ●● The vernacular building techniques provided necessary wind resistance function, which was comprehensively provided in the foundation, frame, roof, site plan, and building materials. All the building materials were produced, sawn, and fine-tuned locally on the islands. ●● Those techniques and knowledge as intangible wisdom were possessed by all the male residents and performed by carpenters. ●● Yui in vernacular building system provided not only the owner of the building with the necessary and voluntary workforce to build a house, but also local residents with knowledge and the skills necessary to manage the building project based on the master builder system. Therefore, Yui was a sustainable and self-contained building system. Due to the changes in the vernacular building system and techniques, people in Amami, who are younger than their 60s, have no knowledge or experience of a building project. This means they have no understanding of the values of vernacular buildings in their own culture and area. The current situation demands that researchers, policy makers, as well as architects, local contractors, and local residents as end-users recognize the intrinsic value of the nearly extinct vernacular building system, techniques, and materials. In addition, building construction policies and their application must be more flexible and decentralized in order to give the local stakeholders back the right to define policy and make decisions on whether they would apply the vernacular system and techniques that correspond to each local climatic and geological context rather than applying uniform requirements nationwide. 363 LE PATRIMOINE, MOTEUR DE DÉVELOPPEMENT HERITAGE, DRIVER OF DEVELOPMENT
Theme 2 Session 2 References Examination of the Effect of Building Construction Policies on the Conservation of Vernacular Building Techniques Amami Guntou Juutaku Chousa Dan (Amami Islands Housing Research Team) 1960. Amami Guntou Juutaku Kaizen Chousa Kenkyu Houkoku [Report on Research of Housing Improvement in Amami Islands]. Kagoshima: Amami Guntou Juutaku Chousa Dan. Fujisawa, Yoshikazu. 1986. “Shusi Setsumei (Chiiki no Juutaku Seisan Sisutemu)(Kenchiku Keizai Bumon Kenkyu Kyougi Kai)” [Explanation of the purposes (vernacular residential building system).] Journal of Architecture and Building Science 101(1248), 137-138. Matsumura, Shuichi. 1999. Juutaku to iu Kangaekata: nijusseiki teki juutaku no keifu [20th century concepts of house-building.] Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. Ministry of Finance. 2001. The Government Housing Loan Corporation. FILP Report 2001 Extension Volume Policy Cost Analysis of FILP Projects FY2001. Internet. Available from http://www.mof.go.jp/english/filp/filp_ report/zaito2001e-exv/01.pdf; accessed 6 October 2011. Miyazawa, Satoshi. 1996. Amami Oshima Kasari Cho no Minka Chousa Houkoku [Report on Research of Private Residences in Kasari Town, Amami Ohshima.] Tokyo: The Japan National Trust for Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation. Nomura, Takafumi. 1976. Nansei Shotou no Minka [Residential Buildings in Southwestern Islands] Rev. ed. Tokyo: Sagami Shobou. Ohshima Sicho (Kagoshima Ohshima Subprefectural Office). 1975-2001. Amami Gunto no Gaikyo [Outline of Amami Islands].Nase: Kagoshima ken Ohshima Shicho. Onda, Morio. 2006. Gojo Shakai Ron: Yui, Moyai, Tetsudai no Minzoku Shakai Gaku [Mutural Help Networks in Japan: Ethnosociological study on Yui, Moyai and Tetsudai]. Kyoto: Sekaishisosha. Shin, Ogyun., Mamoru Tohiguchi, and Seiyu Hashimoto. 1996. “Jiba Gata Juutaku Kensetsu to Kyojuuchi Kanri ni kansuru kenkyu: Tsushima Kamiagata Chou no Shuuraku Keitai, Hirabashira zukuri Juukyo.” [A Study on the regional housing and the control of human settlement: Survey on village from and Hirabashira-zukuri house in Kamiagata of Tsushima Island.] Journal of architecture,planning and environmental engineering 489, 179-186. Suda, Shojiro. 1984. “Tousho no Kenchiku Seisan ni kansuru kenkyu: Okino-Erabu Jima (Kenchiku Seisan).” [Study on building system in islands: Okino-Erabu Island (Building system).] Kenkyu Houkoku Shu: Keikaku Kei 54, 405-408. Tatsugo Chou Shi Rekishi Hen Hensan Iinkai (Committee for Editing Tatsugo Town History). 1988. Tatsugo Chou Shi [History of Tatsugo Town.] Kagoshima: Tatsugo Cho. Torigoe, Hiroyuki. 1985. Ie to Mura no Shakai Gaku (Sociology on Household and Village) Kyoto: Sekaishisosha. Tsubota, Shinsuke., Yuji Katsuki and Shiro Sasano. 2007. “Mokuzou Juutaku Heimenzushu oyobi sono kaiteiban ni miru Juutaku Kinyu Kouko no Juutaku Zou” [The Housing Idea for Commons presented by the Housing Loan Corporation through collections of drawings of the Wooden Standard House.] Journal of Achitecture and Planning 617, 151-157. Tsubota, Shinsuke. 2009. “Juutaku Kinyu Kouko Sakusei no Mokuzou Juutaku nikansuru Kensetsu Kijun to sono Kaisei Joukyou” [Standard Specifications and their transition for timber-framed residential buildings prepared by Government Housing Loan Corporation.] Kenkyu Houkoku Shu II, Kenchiku Keikaku, Toshi Kikaku, Nouson Keikaku, Kenchiku Keizai, Kenchiku Rekishi, Ishou [Proceeding of the architectural research meetings: architectural planning and design, urban planning, rural planning, building economics, history and theory of architecture.] 79, 325-328. 364 LE PATRIMOINE, MOTEUR DE DÉVELOPPEMENT HERITAGE, DRIVER OF DEVELOPMENT
Page 1 and 2:
THEME 2 introduction Président de
Page 3 and 4:
THEME 2 introduction Theme Chair DE
Page 5 and 6:
Theme 2 Session 1 INTRODUCTION Vice
Page 7 and 8:
Theme 2 Session 1 ARTISANAT, METIER
Page 9 and 10:
Theme 2 Session 1 Artisanat, métie
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Theme 2 Session 1 L’Europe des An
Page 21 and 22:
Theme 2 Session 1 Barthélémy J _
Page 23 and 24:
Theme 2 Session 1 Escuela Taller :
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Theme 2 Session 1 Maintien des pays
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Theme 2 Session 1 CULTURE OF WOOD :
Page 41 and 42:
Theme 2 Session 1 Culture of Wood :
Page 43 and 44:
Theme 2 Session 1 Culture of Wood :
Page 45 and 46:
Theme 2 Session 1 References Cultur
Page 47 and 48:
Theme 2 Session 1 LES MAISONS À PA
Page 49 and 50:
Theme 2 Session 1 Les maisons à pa
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Theme 2 Session 1 pluvieux. On pour
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Theme 2 Session 1 References Les ma
Page 71 and 72:
Theme 2 Session 1 THE IMPACTS OF TH
Page 73 and 74:
Theme 2 Session 1 The Impacts of th
Page 75 and 76:
Theme 2 Session 1 The Impacts of th
Page 77 and 78: Theme 2 Session 1 THE MACUTI HOUSE,
Page 79 and 80: Theme 2 Session 1 The Macuti House,
Page 87 and 88: Theme 2 Session 1 RAPPORT Rapporteu
Page 89 and 90: Theme 2 Session 2 INTRODUCTION Vice
Page 91 and 92: Theme 2 Session 2 HERITAGE CONSERVA
Page 93 and 94: Theme 2 Session 2 DU DIAGNOSTIC ENE
Page 95 and 96: Theme 2 Session 2 Measurements and
Page 97 and 98: Theme 2 Session 2 Measurements and
Page 99 and 100: Theme 2 Session 2 La pierre naturel
Page 101 and 102: Theme 2 Session 2 La pierre naturel
Page 103 and 104: Theme 2 Session 2 References La pie
Page 105 and 106: Theme 2 Session 2 Adobe constructio
Page 107 and 108: Theme 2 Session 2 UN TERRAIN D’AP
Page 109 and 110: Theme 2 Session 2 Un terrain d’ap
Page 115 and 116: Theme 2 Session 2 Old and green: en
Page 117 and 118: Theme 2 Session 2 buildings are sho
Page 119 and 120: Theme 2 Session 2 Old and green: en
Page 121 and 122: Theme 2 Session 2 cultural attitude
Page 123 and 124: Theme 2 Session 2 Examination of th
Page 125 and 126: Theme 2 Session 2 Examination of th
Page 127: Theme 2 Session 2 Examination of th
Page 131 and 132: Theme 2 Session 2 Le patrimoine bâ
Page 133 and 134: Theme 2 Session 2 L’ÉLOGE DES R
Page 135 and 136: Theme 2 Session 2 L’éloge des r
Page 137 and 138: Theme 2 Session 2 L’éloge des r
Page 139 and 140: Theme 2 Session 2 Photo N° 5 : Fer
Page 141 and 142: Theme 2 Session 2 RAPPORT Rapporteu
Page 143 and 144: Theme 2 Session 3 INTRODUCTION Vice
Page 145 and 146: Theme 2 Session 3 MODELS OF URBAN D
Page 147 and 148: Theme 2 Session 3 Models of urban d
Page 155 and 156: Theme 2 Session 3 FROM CONTINUITY T
Page 157 and 158: Theme 2 Session 3 From Continuity t
Page 163 and 164: Theme 2 Session 3 TORONTO BROWNFIEL
Page 165 and 166: Theme 2 Session 3 Toronto Brownfiel
Page 177 and 178: Theme 2 Session 3 ADAPTIVE REUSE OF
Page 179 and 180:
Theme 2 Session 3 Adaptive re-use o
Page 181 and 182:
Theme 2 Session 3 ART DE BATIR ET D
Page 183 and 184:
Theme 2 Session 3 Art de bâtir et
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Theme 2 Session 3 References Art de
Page 191 and 192:
Theme 2 Session 3 The Past for the
Page 193 and 194:
Theme 2 Session 3 12. Cho, In-Souk
Page 195 and 196:
Theme 2 Session 3 La construction e
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Theme 2 Session 3 ECO-PLASTERS REVI
Page 205 and 206:
Theme 2 Session 3 Eco-plasters revi
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Theme 2 Session 3 TABLE 2. Size dis
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Theme 2 Session 3 UNE MEILLEURE EFF
Page 221 and 222:
Theme 2 Session 3 Une meilleure eff
Page 223 and 224:
Theme 2 Session 3 NOUVELLE RÉFLEXI
Page 225 and 226:
Theme 2 Session 3 Nouvelle réflexi
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Theme 2 Session 3 RAPPORT Rapporteu
Page 239 and 240:
Theme 2 Session 3 REPORT ADAPTING T
Page 241 and 242:
THEME 2 conclusion Président de Th
Page 243 and 244:
les pratiques les plus durables, qu
Page 245 and 246:
THEME 2 conclusion DEVELOPMENT OR A
Page 247:
Annick DANEELS (La construction en
show all

PARTIE 2 - Icomos

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?