PARTIE 2 - Icomos

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Theme 2 Session 3 References La construction en terre crue dans les Tropiques humides Cyphers, Ann, Alejandro Hernández-Portilla, Marisol Varela-Gómez et Lilia Grégor-López. 2006. Cosmological and Sociopolitical Synergy in Preclassic Architectural Precincts. Dans Precolumbian Water Management: Ideology, Ritual and Power, eds. Lisa Lucero et Barbara Fash: 17-32. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Daneels, Annick. 2008a. Monumental Earthen Architecture at La Joya, Veracruz, Mexico. Crystal River: Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies Inc. Disponible à http://www.famsi.org/reports/07021, consulté le 23 octobre 2011. Daneels, Annick. 2008b. La Joya Pyramid, Central Veracruz, Mexico: Classic Period Earthen Architecture. Project Grant Reports. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. Disponible à http://www.doaks.org/research/pre_columbian, consulté le 23 octobre 2011. Daneels, Annick et Luis Fernando Guerrero-Baca. 2011. Millenary Earthen Architecture in the Tropical Lowlands of Mexico. APT Bulletin 42 (1): 11-18. Albany: Mount Ida Press. Guerrero Baca, Luis Fernando. 2007. Arquitectura en tierra. Hacia la recuperación de una cultura constructiva. Apuntes 20 (2): 182-201. Bogotá: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. 437 LE PATRIMOINE, MOTEUR DE DÉVELOPPEMENT HERITAGE, DRIVER OF DEVELOPMENT
Theme 2 Session 3 ECO-PLASTERS REVIVE THE PLASTERWORK TECHNIQUES OF THE PAST Eunice Salavessa, Lisete Fernandes University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro - UTAD Engineering Department – CETRAD; Chemistry Department – UME; Vila Real, Portugal. eunicesalavessa@sapo.pt; lisfernandes@gmail.com Ana Maria Duarte LERevPa of Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil – LNEC, Lisboa, Portugal. afrancisco@lnec.pt Abstract. Current debates about environmental degradation owing to excessive use and dilapidation of nonrenewable resources by the modern construction industry, have led to recent researches about building materials and traditional art of building, to meet sustainable contemporary constructive alternatives. This study is inspired by a revival of traditional plasterwork and outlining developments in plastering; it includes descriptions of old and new techniques and alternative materials, such as industrial wastes with potential for use in decorative plasters. Its main purposes are to evaluate, by laboratorial tests: 1) the advantages of using the industrial waste product of transformation of ornamental stone instead of sand to get a plaster with better performance, as those plasters recommended in historic construction treatises; 2) investigate the decorative potential of optical glass fibers in translucent plasterwork, in contemporary architecture. 1. Introduction Historic renders durable systems must be investigated, to be used in restore and renovation interventions. Traditional and regional practices are sources of skill knowledge which can be reactivated in contemporaneous building construction, contributing to diversify and optimize the design of renders and plasters of lime or gypsum based mortars. With regard to industrial mortars, the analyzed ancient mortars seem to be heavier, with little resistance in mechanical terms and to water infiltrations. However, their longevity and durability reveal how important is to determine their profile. The multi-layers system of old renders presents, generally, an increasing porosity and a decreasing of the pores radius, from the internal layers up to external layers. This, increased the resistance of the external layer to rain water penetration and, on the other hand, avoided the accumulation of moister inside the masonry, or other support. In these renders and plasters the layers that allowed the water absorption, also facilitated, the quick evaporation. The render layers in contact with water drainage devices included pozzolanic material, with good resistance to water (Papayianni 2010). When one translates ancient texts, some questions of technological nature rest still to be resolved, with regard to technique terminology or to technological and scientific content. For a correct translation which has in consideration the archaeological plasters and renders and the ancient texts, the experimental reconstitution is important which verifies if the indications given by the architects and engineers of the past, really represent old construction traditions. In this way, an approximation to the characteristics favorable to the longevity and aesthetic aspect of the historic mortars is possible. This is necessary for the mortars formulations for renovation and repair interventions, and in order to inspire new mortars with similar characteristics. Actual studies have contributed to determine the technical viability of producing concrete and mortars with natural stone waste sludge, and in this way, protect natural resources consumed by concrete industry. The use of marble cut waste in mortars as 438 LE PATRIMOINE, MOTEUR DE DÉVELOPPEMENT HERITAGE, DRIVER OF DEVELOPMENT
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