PARTIE 2 - Icomos

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Theme 2 Session 1 The Macuti House, Traditional Building Techniques and Sustainable Development in Ilha de Moçambique nature of the heritage as well as pointing out the value of an architecture still generally associated with colonial oppression and currently with poverty and environmental problems.* This paper is based on preliminary findings from the initial phase of PhD field research** focusing on conservation of the macuti house. It questions how attempts to preserve the traditional way of building in this part of Ilha de Moçambique, also defined as a postcolonial slum, may reflect a return to the art of building. Implied in this question is that preservation of traditional architecture and associated building techniques, has a value, in the form of strengthening a cultural identity as well as possible environmental and social qualities. Illustration 1: Map of Ilha de Mozambique from 1982, showing the two urban systems and the densely populated island (Aarhus, 1985) 2. The Macuti House The macuti house has a Swahili type plan related to other Indian Ocean cultures, and include building techniques originally brought by Arab traders from the north (Carrilho, 2005; Bruschi et al, 2005). The square or rectangular house has a central space that ensures cross ventilation, from which four bedrooms are accessed. The generous hipped roof canopy, held up by two main posts of ca 2,5 m height, allows ventilation and covers the walls against the burning sun and heavy rains. Many houses have old electrical installations and elaborately carved furniture. The stucco and painted facade facing the street often includes a bench or veranda, which become part of the street space, an important meeting place, a living room moving out into the street. The house reflects the mix of cultures and traditions in Ilha, combining Arab and African building techniques, and at times Indian craftsmanship, with European linear street organization and decorative elements inspired by the houses in the northern part of the island. The Aarhus report calls the house type "semi-urban", reflecting the building traditions on the mainland but with special decorative features, modern installations and often a more spacious layout in the city of Ilha de Moçambique (Aarhus, 1985:147). The main frame of the houses has traditionally been built with mangrove poles (siki) and bamboo, the walls of the more solid houses filled in by a curtain of vertical mangrove sticks (laca laca) tightly bound together at the centre of the wall. This particular more solid wall is found on Ilha, not in the rural areas around. The construction is filled with stones, earth and sand in a pau a pique construction, the more solid version with large amounts of stone and lime approaching a coral stone double wall construction with laca laca in the middle. A plant extract called murrapa* was earlier added for extra strength and waterproofing, a technique that has been attempted reintroduced in some restoration projects in the previous decade. Since the 1950s, and especially since the end of teh 1970s, houses have increasingly been constructed in cement blocks and fibrocement or corrugated iron universal value of Ilha from 1991. * I would argue that the original formulation covered the macuti house perfectly and this particular change unneccessary, as there is a continuum between the architectures of the two parts of Ilha. ** The PhD project runs from 2011 until the end of 2013, is a collaboration between the Royal Academy School of Architecture in Copenhagen, Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo and the Gabinete da Conservação da Ilha de Moçambique, funded by the 313 LE PATRIMOINE, MOTEUR DE DÉVELOPPEMENT HERITAGE, DRIVER OF DEVELOPMENT
Theme 2 Session 1 The Macuti House, Traditional Building Techniques and Sustainable Development in Ilha de Moçambique Illustration 2: Macuti houses in Ilha de Moçambique, some with cement walls and macarasse leaves instead of macuti roof cover Illustration 3: Macuti house plan and front elevation 314 LE PATRIMOINE, MOTEUR DE DÉVELOPPEMENT HERITAGE, DRIVER OF DEVELOPMENT
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THEME 2 introduction Président de
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THEME 2 introduction Theme Chair DE
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Theme 2 Session 1 INTRODUCTION Vice
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Theme 2 Session 1 ARTISANAT, METIER
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Theme 2 Session 1 Artisanat, métie
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Theme 2 Session 2 Le patrimoine bâ
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Theme 2 Session 3 FROM CONTINUITY T
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Theme 2 Session 3 From Continuity t
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Theme 2 Session 3 TORONTO BROWNFIEL
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Theme 2 Session 3 ADAPTIVE REUSE OF
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Theme 2 Session 3 ART DE BATIR ET D
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Theme 2 Session 3 The Past for the
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Theme 2 Session 3 12. Cho, In-Souk
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Theme 2 Session 3 La construction e
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Theme 2 Session 3 ECO-PLASTERS REVI
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Theme 2 Session 3 TABLE 2. Size dis
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Theme 2 Session 3 UNE MEILLEURE EFF
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Theme 2 Session 3 Une meilleure eff
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Theme 2 Session 3 NOUVELLE RÉFLEXI
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Theme 2 Session 3 Nouvelle réflexi
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Theme 2 Session 3 RAPPORT Rapporteu
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Theme 2 Session 3 REPORT ADAPTING T
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THEME 2 conclusion Président de Th
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les pratiques les plus durables, qu
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THEME 2 conclusion DEVELOPMENT OR A
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Annick DANEELS (La construction en
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PARTIE 2 - Icomos

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