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“maturing” of the humanity manifests itself less often. Still it caused all large scale changes first atvarious regional and quite recently on the global levels. Today the only society that is able to pursuesuch one, is the US, although even in this case the process has obviously passed its peak and moreand more acquires properties of an expansion of the first type.It looks like that conditions leading to emergence to this type of [spontaneous] expansion may befound only once during the life span of any ethnos existing on the planet. It happens when such ethnosstarts to perceive itself as independent entity able to oppose the outside world, to challenge it. This timethe ethnos is full of energy, restless, it can surmount any obstacles, is motivated to reach maximumgoals. More importantly, it’s able to generate ideas, promote values, it’s proactive, while all others arejust able to react to its activities, are reactive. Its internal energy is looking for outlet and sooner or laterit erupts in form of expansion. Ethnos in such state expands not because it wants it, or either that anexpansion meets its needs, but rather because it has to. As it is, such spontaneous expansion is ratherprimitive and straightforward process. It continues as long as the ethnos is able to overcome resistanceof environmental factors (both natural and man made).The actual size of ethnos involved in such expansion does not matter much- they are able to infectwith their energy and drive other people, much more numerous than themselves and use them to theirown ends.Still the following factors often play the decisive role in emergence and success of spontaneousexpansions – 1/ Geographical situation of ethnos immediately before the expansion and at its earlystages. This factor defines whether ethnos is able to survive unavoidable pre-consolidation crisis(manifesting itself in various forms of civil strife). It also defines what kind of obstacles ethnos will runinto during the expansion as well as a direction of expansion. 2/ Type of culture. This defines form oforganization of the ethnos and how efficiently is it able to conduct the expansion. More importantly itdefines how efficiently is the ethnos able to keep in possession and exploit resources acquired as aresult of the conquest.Besides for successful expansion and preservation of its results ethnos should possess at least asdeveloped technology as its main rivals, or exceed it.In many cases throughout the human history spontaneous expansions brought under control vastterritories, Spanish expansion have already reached kind of the pre-global span. Still it was the secondhalf of 19-th century when European colonial expansion, led by Britons, acquired the truly globaldimension. This manifested decisive qualitative changes in development of the humankind. Followingmajor factors contributed to this –1. Final establishment of market economy and primate of private property in the leading countriesof the world. This made possible to make exploitation of resources that fell under their control asa result of expansion highly efficient and profitable. Spain, for instance, where there was not atrace of such relations at the peak of its expansion success virtually rot atop the pile of richeshoarded in America, being unable to direct it to development and improvement of a well-beingof population.2. Industrial revolution, which contributed to development of technologies in the leading worldpowers that in turn led to enormous increase in efficiency of exploitation, transportation andprocessing of resources at their disposal as well as gathering and processing information onactual or potential adversaries, its delivery to decision-making persons, speedy reaction toevents developing in any part of the world by transferring there additional resources (peopleand military equipment), securing decisive advantage over the enemy on the battle-field.Factually global events during this period were based on steamships, railway, telegraph andrifle (later a machine gun).3. Development of a new system of social relations within which people became citizens, whocould consciously, without coercion, participate in processes initiated by their countries, defendtheir interests and use profits acquired in this process for their personal enrichment.Although since then globalization has undergone number of important changes (see Chapter 1),some basic principles still remain. These are –1. Does not matter which country, group of countries or any other subject initiate global processes.These may be represented by anyone who is able to generate strong enough processes forlong enough time that in the end may be felt throughout the world. Globalization of the late 19-thcentury was mostly result of colonial expansion of the British empire and number of otherEuropean powers. Post WW II globalization resulted from competition of two antagonistic socialsystems.124