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evri qveynisaTvis zemoT aRwerili tipis urTierTobas friad negatiuri, damatebiTiSedegi moaqvs. laparakia procesze, romelic principSi analogiuria cnobili holandiurisenisa. es “seni” warmoadgens ekonomikur fenomens, dakavSirebuls romelime qveyanaSi didiraodenobiT iseTi bunebrivi resursis aRmoCenasTan, romelic Zalian fasobs msofliobazarze (dRes es gansakuTrebiT navTobi da bunebrivi airia). es ubralod ukargavs aseTqveyanas ganviTarebis stimuls da msoflios wamyvan ekonomikebSic kideindustrializacias iwvevs. aseTi ram daemarTa holandis 1960-ian wlebSi, rodesac iqdidi raodenobiT bunebrivi airi aRmoaCines, iseTive procesi mimdinareobs Cvens TvalwinruseTSi.Zalian bevri ganviTarebadi, gansakuTrebiT uRaribesi qveynebisaTvis, miT umetes, TumaT susti, korumpirebuli mTavrobebi hyavT, ucxouri sesxebi Tu grantebi faqtiuradigive rols asruleben, rogorc bunebrivi resursebi. ra saWiroa am fulis realuradCadeba sabazro ekonomikur gardaqmnebsa da demokratizaciaSi, Tu daxmareba maincgagrZeldeba, miuxedavad yvelafrisa. rasakvirvelia, es fuli imaTTan, visTvisac es wesiTda rigiT gamoiyofa — Rarib mosaxleobasTan, TiTqmis ar midis, samagierod korumpirebulelitas amdidrebs.aseTi situacia advilad asaxsnelia orive dawesebulebis funqcionirebis politikurimotivirebulobis TvalsazrisiT. rasakvirvelia, rogorc msoflio bankisa da savalutofondis, aseve wamyvani ganviTarebuli qveynebis xelmZRvanelobas mSvenivrad esmis, romiseTi rTuli procesis marTva, rogorc dedamiwis saxelmwifoTa daaxloebiT 5/6-smierTebaa im ekonomikur sivrcesTan, romelic darCenilma 1/6-ma Tavisi interesebidangamomdinare Seqmna, praqtikulad SeuZlebelia.maT aseve mSvenivrad esmiT, rom Zalian bevri ganviTarebadi (gansakuTrebiT afrikuli)saxelmwifoebisaTvis realuri sabazro reformebis gatareba principulad gadauWreliamocanaa. aq es daaxloebiT iseTive procesis Tanafardia, romelsac cxonebul sabWoTakavSirSi uwodebdnen “строительство социализма минуя стадию капиталистического развития”.formalurad ganviTarebadi ekonomikebis dafinansebis erT-erT mTavar wyaroswarmoadgens e.w. oficialuri ganviTarebis daxmareba. mas gaiRebs msoflios 22 yvelazemdidari qveyana, romlebic ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciisganviTarebis daxmarebis komitetSi arian gaerTianebulebi. 125Tavis maqsimums am daxmarebam etyoba Soreul 1960-65 wlebSi miaRwia, rodesac is donoriqveynebis mTliani Sida Semosavlis (mSS) 0.48%-s aRwevda. miuxedavad imisa, rom jer kidev1970 wels am qveynebma ikisres valdebuleba aseTi daxmarebis saxiT gamoeyoT maTi mSSaranaklebi 0.7%-sa, is ganuwyvetliv mcirdeboda. 1990 wels is Seadgenda 0.34%. amis Semdeg,savaraudod sabWoTa kavSiris daSliT gamowveuli eiforiis fonze, es daxmareba mkveTraddaeca 0.22%-mde 2001 wels. montereiSi Semdgar ganviTarebis dafinasebisadmi miZRvnilgaeros konfrenciaze 2002 wels CaiTvala, rom es moculoba arasakmarisia ganviTarebadiqveynebisadmi efeqturi daxmarebis gasawevad. amitom komitetis wevrebma aiResvaldebuleba 2006 wlisaTvis daxmarebaze mimarTuli mSS-s wili 0.29%-mde gaezardaT.2005 wels aseTi daxmarebis saxiT gaica 106.5 miliardi dolari, rac Tavisi absoluturimoculobiT yvelaze didi daxmarebaa, odesme gacemuli. magram am daxmarebis sakmaod didinawili movida erayisa da nigeriis — potenciurad msoflios erT-erTi umdidresi qveynebis(navTobis xarjze) valebis Camoweraze (erays Camoewera 14 miliardi, xolo nigerias 5miliardi dolari). amave dros, msoflios 17 uRaribes qveyanas mxolod upirebdnen 37miliardis Camoweras, Tanac mravalwliani molaparakebis Semdeg. garda amisa damatebiTi2.2 miliardi dolari gamoiyo 2004 wlis dekembris indoeTis okeanes cunamiTdazaralebuli qveynebis dasaxmareblad, rac wesiT da rigiT rogorc ganviTarebisdaxmareba saerTod ar unda aRricxuliyo. 126imis gamo, rom es daxmareba politikurad Zlieraa motivirebuli, yvelaze didiraodenobiT is miemarTa eraySi — 2.3 miliardi dolari, pakistanSi — 2-dan 3 miliardamde daavRaneTSi — 1.5 miliardi. Zalian didi raodenobiT miemarTeba es daxmareba, agreTve subsaharisafrikis qveynebSi, romlebzec 2003 wels misi saerTo moculobis TiTqmis mesamedimodioda. fulis es raodenoba am regionisaTvis udris misi mTliani kapitalis formirebis32%-s, maSin rodesac mTlianad ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis is mxolod 4.4%-ia, anda mSp-sTiTqmis mexuTeds udris. uzarmazari daxmareba miemarTeboda, agreTve, palestinisavtonomiaSi, romelsac rogorc sCans aseTi daxmarebis gareSe funqcionireba saerTod arSeuZlia.69