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mxolod SedarebiT mcire nawils Seexo (dRevandeli ganviTarebuli qveynebi — e.w. “oqrosmiliardi”). mTlianobaSi man dadebiTi roli Seasrula globalur ganviTarebaSi.es procesi demografiuli modernizaciis saxeliTaa cnobili da sazogadod gulisxmobsuaxlesi ekonomikuri da teqnologiuri miRwevebis gamoyenebas adamianis dasacavadbunebrivi da socialuri garemos uaryofiTi gavlenisagan. es miRwevebi xdian SesaZlebelsadamianis ufro komfortul sacxovrebel Tu sanitarul-higienuri pirobebs, ufrosrulfasovan kvebas, naklebad damqancvel fizikur Sromas, efeqtur samedicinoprofilaqtikas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi — gadaudebel samedicino daxmarebas da a.S.ganviTarebad qveynebSic mosaxleobis “afeTqeba” gamowveuli iyo sikvdilianobismkveTri SemcirebiT Sobadobis tradiciulad maRal fonze. problema isaa, romganviTarebul qveynebSi sikvdilianobis Semcireba mohyva cxovrebis donisa da cxovrebispirobebis TandaTanobiT gaumjobesebas, rac erTdroulad Sobadobazec moqmedebda,Tumca SedarebiT ufro CamorCeniT (ramdenime aTeuli wliT).ganviTarebad qveynebSi (romelTa umetesobac am etapis dasawyisSi jer kidev koloniebiiyvnen) sikvdilianobis Semcireba moxda praqtikulad Tvalis daxamxamebaSi — ramdenimeweliwadSi. mizezi — garedan Semosuli (zogjer mizandasaxulad, zogjer SemTxveviT)minimaluri inovaciebi — axali wamlebi (aspirini, penicilini), mavne mwerebis sawinaaRmdegoqimiuri saSualebebi (DDT da sxva), elementaruli warmodgenebi pirad higienaze. daiwyo(met-naklebad) vaqcinacia da epidemiebTan brZola, gaumjobesda mosaxleobis sakvebiproduqtebiT momarageba.yvelaferi es imitom gaxda SesaZlebeli, rom qveynebi da teritoriebi, romlebTacdemografiuli afeTqeba Seexo, ukve iyvnen CarTuli globaluri urTierTobebis sistemaSi,romelmac gaxada SesaZlebeli am inovaciebis SedarebiT Seuferxebeli gadacema.faqtiurad maT miiRes ganviTarebuli qveynebidan pirveli ganviTarebis tranSi orivemonawile mxaris minimaluri Zalisxmevis xarjze. meore mxriv, meore tranSi, romelSicunda Sesuliyo am qveynebis modernizacia, struqturuli transformacia da a.S., romelsacsaboloo jamSi unda mohyoloda maTi ekonomikuri ganviTareba misi Tanmxlebimosaxleobis cxovrebis donisa da xarisxis zrdiT, iseve rogorc misi kvlavwarmoebistrendebis SecvliT, Zlieri dagvianebiT iyo miwodebuli, xolo misi Sedegebi friadaraeTgvaroveni gamodga.ganviTarebad qveynebSi sikvdilianoba imdenad ar dacemula, rom ganviTarebuliqveynebis dones miaxloveboda, magram 1950-1980 wlebSi is 2.3-jer Semcirda, m.S. 1960-80wlebSi — orjer. es sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisaTvis, rom gamoewvia demografiuli afeTqeba.1950-55 wlebSi ganviTarebad qveynebSi fertilur asakSi myof erT qalze saSualod 6.2bavSvi modioda.es yvelaferi Seexo qveynebs, romelTa saxelmwifoebrioba umeteswilad jer kidevCamoyalibebis stadiaSi imyofeboda, xolo ganviTarebis doniT yofil metropoliebs isinixSirad ramdenime aseuli wliT CamorCebodnen. maT es procesi ar sWirdebodaT, isini mas argegmavdnen da ver akontrolebdnen. faqtiurad aq demografiuli modernizaciis procesi(ufro swored misi zogierTi elementi) warmoadgenda ara am qveynebisa Tu regionebisganviTarebis logikur Sedegs, aramed msoflios ufro ganviTarebuli nawilisyoveldRiuri cxovrebis wesis garkveuli elementebis danergvas, romelTa transferi(mizandasaxuli Tu uneblie) globalizaciuri procesebis farglebSi advili iyo.imis gamo, rom demografiuli afeTqebis procesi ZiriTadad (dasawyisSi mainc)faqtiurad “meqanikuri” iyo, is naklebad iyo damokidebuli konkretuli qveyniscivilizaciis tipze, mosaxleobis kulturaze, sarwmunoebaze da a.S. mmarTvelobisefeqturobac ki am SemTxvevaSi Zalian nakleb rols TamaSobda — SedarebiT kargad dacudad marTuli qveynebi am dros “erT navSi” aRmoCndnen. 157demografiulma dawolam am qveynebis umetesobas ar misca saSualeba fexze damdgariyo,am problemam ZiriTadi roli iTamaSa maTi mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis mkveTradSeamcirebaSi (zogjer 30 da meti procentiT) koloniur periodTan SedarebiT(gansakuTrebiT afrikaSi) da miliardi adamiani mSier Ratakad aqcia 158 .4.1.2. demografiuli afeTqebis tendencia msoflioSi faqtiurad jer kidev gasulisaukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi Sesustda, xolo ukve am saukunis dasawyisSi sabolood gatyda.dRes mTlianobaSi ganviTarebadi qveynebis mosaxleobis aRwarmoeba xdeba daaxloebiT89