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imave principiT, rac mdidar qveynebSi — e.i. adamianebi ufro gvian qorwildebian da naklebibavSvi hyavT. saSualod ganviTarebad qveynebSi erT qalze fertilur asakSi dRes 2.9 bavSvimodis, xolo oc qveyanaSi Sobadoba veRar faravs sikvdilianobas.imis gamo, rom am procesis inercia Zalze didia (erT qalze mosuli bavSvebis raodenobanaklebia, vidre wina TaobaSi, magram TviT dedebis raodenoba bevrad metia) — dedamiwismosaxleobis yovelwliuri mateba jer kidev Zalian maRalia da gaeros gaTvlebiT 1950-ianiwlebis dones zustad 100 wlis Tavze, 2050-iani wlebisaTvis daubrundeba. dedamiwismosaxleobis stabilizacia moxdeba etyoba daaxloebiT 10 miliardi adamianis doneze amsaukunis meore naxevarSi.gaeros rwmeniT, gardatexa mosaxleobis aRwarmoebis procesSi mohyva mis mier mravaliwlis manZilze ojaxis dagegmvis RonisZiebaTa propagandas (da RonisZiebebs am sferoSi).192 qveynis mTavrobebis 72% uSualod monawileobs aseTi programebis realizaciaSi, xolokidev 17% arasamTavrobo organizaciebis SuamavlobiT. 159sinamdvileSi, rogorc Cans, ganviTarebad qveynebSi Sobadobis kleba moitana ara ojaxisdagegmvam rogorc aseTma, iseve rogorc cxovrebis donis zrdam (is umetesad ZalianmokrZalebuli iyo, Tu saerTod hqonda adgili), aramed qalTa emansipaciam. es emansipaciaar unda gavigoT ise, rogorc fenomeni, romelsac adgili hqonda dasavleTisganviTarebul qveynebsa da sabWoTa kavSirSi gasul saukuneSi. laparakia xSirad ZalianmokrZalebul procesze, romelic ZiriTadad qalTa ganaTlebas exeba.sakmarisia etyoba, musulmanur qveynebSic ki, qalma miiRos sul ramdenime wlianidawyebiTi saskolo ganaTleba, raTa misi ara marto demografiuli, aramed saerTodsocialuri qceva sagrZnobad Seicvalos. aseTi tendencia sakmaod kargad gamoxatulia,magaliTad, iranSi. aq islamur wesebze awyobili saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sistemismiuxedavad, erT qalze mosuli bavSvebis raodenoba Semcirda 2.8-jer daaxloebiT 1970-ianiwlebis dasawyisidan 21-e saukunis dasawyisisaTvis — 2.3-mde. es ufro dabalia, vidrelaTinuri amerikis qveynebis umetesobaSi. 160 1990-ian wlebSi qalebis naxevarze meti amqveyanaSi iyenebda Tanamedrove kontracepciis meTodebs. 161 mozrdil qalTa wera-kiTxviscodnis done 2002 wels aq mamakacebis donis 84%-s udrida, xolo dawyebiT skolaSi vaJebisada qalebis daswrebis done faqtiurad erTmaneTs gautolda. 162uamravi qveyana msoflioSi dRes moxvedrilia e.w. “siRatakis maxeSi” — maSinac ki, Tu maTgaaCniaT SedarebiT efeqturi, naklebad korumpirebuli xelmZRvaneloba, isini ver erevianmaT winaSe mdgom problemebs imis gamo, rom ubralod Zalian Raribebi arian. maSinac ki,rodesac mTavrobebs Ggulwrfelad surT maT winaSe mdgomi problemebis mogvareba, maTakliaT sagadasaxado Semosavali infrastruqturaSi, socialur seqtorSi, garemosdacvaSi, TviT sajaro administraciaSi dasabandebladac ki. praqtikulad nebismieri aseTiqveyana, agreTve, yovelwliurad istumrebs uzarmazar Tanxebs sagareo valebismomsaxurebaSi. xolo sabazo infrastruqturis, socialuri kapitalis, da marTvis sistemisgareSe SeuZlebelia kerZo investiciebis mozidva da ekonomikuri ganviTareba. gzebis,sasuqebis, eleqtroenergiis, iafi, efeqturi sawvavis, skolebis, saavadmyofoebis,xelmisawvdomi sacxovreblis, wyalmomaragebis gareSe adamianebi qronikulad mSivrebi daavadmyofebi rCebian.Zalian xSirad (SeiZleba iTqvas ganviTarebadi qveynebis umetesobaSi) am situaciasuaRresad amwvavebs araefeqturi marTva, korufcia, ekonomikuri politikis arasworiarCevani.ufro metic — aseT qveynebSi faqtiurad SeuZlebelia adamianis uflebebis dacva. didiaimis Sansi, rom rogorc sxvadasxva moqiSpe politikur Tu eTnikur dajgufebebs SoriserTi qveynis SigniT, aseve or an met aseTi tipis qveyanas Sorisac, moxdes konfliqti imisTaobaze, Tu vin gaakontrolebs iseT bunebriv resursebs, romelTa eqspluataciasacswrafi mogebis motana SeuZlia. aseTi qveynebis mTavrobebi xSirad ara marto verakontroleben iseT kriminals, romelsac saerTaSoriso gavlena gaaCnia, TviTonvemfarveloben mas.garda amisa, gaeros SefasebebiT, arsebobs aSkara mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiri siRaribesada Semosavlebis mkveTr “Sokur” dacemas Soris, erTi mxriv, da SeiaraRebul konfliqtebsSoris, meore mxriv. siRaribe maT biZgs aZlevs da dasayrdens uqmnis. saSualodSemosavlebis 5%-iani Sokuri dacema zrdis konfliqtis albaTobas 50%-T. 163ruandis cnobili genocidis dros, 1994 wels, ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi daiRupa aranakleb 800 aTasi adamiani. 1998-2000 wlis oms kongoSi, romelSic eqvsi afrikulisaxelmwifo monawileobda, gadahyva TiTqmis 4 milioni adamiani, ZiriTadad SimSiliTa da90