procesebze mTlianad. 86am doqtrinis centraluri gzavnilia — “Tavisuflebis gadarCena Cvens miwa-wyalzemzardadaa damokidebuli Tavisuflebis warmatebaze sxva qveynebSi” da kidev — “yvelazedidi imedi imisa, rom mSvidoba damyardeba CvenTan, mdgomareobs TavisuflebisgavrcelebaSi mTels msoflioSi”. 87 imaze, Tu ramdenad Zlieria aqcenti Tavisuflebasa daadamianebis uflebaTa universalur faseulobebze metyvelebs is faqti, rom sityvebiTavisufleba (freedom and liberty) da demokratia moxsenebaSi 49-jer iyo naxsenebi.faqtiurad aSS-s prezidenti atarebda ideas imis Sesaxeb, rom mSvidoba da samSvidoboprocesi aRar warmoadgenen qveynis sagareo politikis centralur prioritetebs. misiwarmodgeniT, Tavisuflebas aqvs aSkara prioriteti mSvidobasTan SedarebiT, ismsoflioSi mSvidobis winapirobad gvevlineba, xolo [aSS-s politikis] “saboloo mizaniamsoflioSi tiraniisaTvis bolos moReba”, Tumca aSS-s mier re<strong>for</strong>mebis waxaliseba“ZiriTadad iaraRis gamoyenebiT ar unda xorcieldebodes”. 88amerikis senatis gavleniani wevrebi umalve Seecadnen am principebis sarealizaciosakanonmdeblo safuZveli CamoeyalibebinaT. kerZod, 2005 wlis martis dasawyisSirespublikelma senatorma jon makeinma da demokratma jo libermanma Seitanes senatSierTobrivi kanonproeqti “ demokratiis gavrcelebis (promotion) Sesaxeb”, romeliciTvaliswinebda aSS mTavrobisaTvis farTo uflebebis miniWebas demokratiuliprincipebisa da faseulobebis gasavrceleblad qveynis farglebs gareT.rogorc senatorma makeinma ganacxada Tavis moxsenebaSi -“demokratiisa daTavisuflebis gavrceleba sazRvargareT ubralod ganuyofelia SeerTebuli Statebiserovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebisagan. Tu niu-iorkis, vaSingtonisa an kali<strong>for</strong>niisusafrTxoeba damokidebulia Tavisuflebis doneze er-riadSi, baRdaTsa Tu kairoSi, Cvenunda gavavrceloT demokratiis, kanonis uzenaesobisa da socialuri modernizaciisideebi iseve, rogorc vaxdenT Cveni iaraRis srulyofasa da SeiaraRebuli Zalebismodernizacias”.senator libermanis TqmiT, moyolebuli ukve meoce saukunis dasawyisidan “amerikisprezidentebs esmodaT, rom amerikis sasicocxlo interesebi yvelaze ukeT maSinaauzrunvelyofili, rodesac Cven sxvebs vexmarebiT Tavisuflebis xmis mopovebaSi”. gardaamisa, amerikas gaaCnia demokratiis ideeebis gavrcelebis “moraluri mandati”.senatorebis TqmiT: “ukanasknelma movlenebma saqarTveloSi, avRaneTSi, eraysa dapalestinaSi gviCvenes, rom adamianTa survili icxovron Tavisuflad, universaluria”. 89Tu ra Sedegs moitanen j. buSis mier Camoyalibebuli principebi, didaTaa damokidebuliimaze, Tu ra saxiT da ramdenad efeqturad SesZlebs aSS maT praqtikul realizacias.rogorc prezident j.karteris mrCeveli erovnuli uSiSroebis dargSi zbignev bzeJinski2004 wels gamoqveynebul wignSi “arCevani” (The Choice) werda — “amerikul Zalasa daamerikul socialur dinamikas, Tu erTad imoqmedeben, SeuZliaT gamoiwvion saerTointeresebze dafuZnebuli globaluri erTobis TandaTanobiTi Camoyalibeba. imSemTxvevaSi, Tu isini araswored iqnebian gamoyenebuli da erTmaneTTan winaaRmdegobaSimovlen, isini ubiZgeben msoflios qaosisaken, xolo amerikas alyaSemortymulcixesimagred gadaaqceven”. 90 faqtiurad, igive bzeJinskis sityvebiT, saqme gvaqvsarCevanTan — aSS iRwvis globaluri dominirebisa Tu globaluri liderobisaTvis? ufromartivad — qveyana Seecdeba uCvenos danarCen msoflios umetesobasaTvis misaRebiganviTarebis alternativa, Tu aiZulebs sxvebs iaron im gziT, romelic mas awyobs.madlen olbraiTi, prezident klintonis saxelmwifo mdivani- swored SeiZlebaCaiTvalos iseTi politika, romelic saSualebas aZlevs amerikis SeerTebul Statebsgauwios mxardaWera demokratiasa da Tavisuflebas. Cven gansakuTrebuli qveyana varT.demokratia sayovelTao faseulobaa, magram dRes mas amerikuli iersaxe dahkravs...SeuZlebelia misi Tavze moxveva. Cven is unda davicvaT da mxari dauWiroT. kiTxva undadavusvaT sakuTar Tavs, rogor SeiZleba moubrundes aSS-s daZalebuli demokratia. 91saboloo jamSi, problema dadis kiTxvamde - aris Tu ara aSS imperia da atarebs Tu ara isimperialistur politikas?sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom imperiuli idea dRevandel msoflioSi (gansakuTrebiTsamxreTSi), popularobiT namdvilad ar sargeblobs. amaSi damsaxureba ara martomemarcxene sazogadoebriv moRvaweebs miuZRviT, v. leninis meTaurobiT. igive memarjvenedasavleli moRvaweebic am termins uxvad iyenebdnen antisabWour propagandaSi civi omisdros. gavixsenoT Tugind r. reiganis cnobili “borotebis imperia”. sinamdvileSi imperia52
warmoadgens nebismieri warmatebuli eqspansiis Sedegebis organizaciisa da marTvismeqanizms. etyoba imperiad gadaqcevis Sansi aqvs nebismier did warmatebul saxelmwifos,misi mmarTvelobis <strong>for</strong>mis miuxedavad. dRes imazec ki laparakoben, rom adre Tu gvianimperiuli Tvisebebi SesaZloa evrogaerTianebamac ki SeiZinos. 92imavdroulad ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze dasavleTSi aSkarad SeimCneva imperiulinostalgiis niSnebi. es gansakuTrebiT gamoixateba britaneTis imperiis moRvaweobisSedegebis dadebiT gadafasebaSi, rogorc amas akeTebs cnobili britaneli mecnierin.Ffergiusoni, romelic wers — “is, rac britaneTis imperiam daamtkica, iyo rom imperiawarmoadgens saerTaSoriso mTavrobis nairsaxeobas, romelsac muSaobis unari Seswevs, daara marto mmarTveli Zalis interesebSi”. da Semdgom — “britaneTis imperia, Tumca isunaklo ar iyo, SesaZlebelia warmoadgenda misi qveSevrdomebisaTvis yvelaze naklebsisxilian gzas Tanamedroveobisaken”. 93Sesabamisad gaismis xmebi, romlebic mxars uWers amerikuli imperiis ideas, gansakuTrebiTiq, sadac saWiroa arSemdgari saxelmwifoebis xalxebis gadarCena im ukiduresad mZimesituaciidan, romelSic isini imyofebian; anda saerTaSoriso terorizmTan brZola. gasagebia,rom mobruneba amerikuli imperiis ideisaken gamowveulia ZiriTadad imiT, rom arsebulisaerTaSoriso urTierTobebis maregulirebeli <strong>for</strong>maluri struqturebi sakmaodaraefeqturia. es gansakuTrebiT exeba iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac misaRebia swrafi,gadamWreli, magram arapopularuli gadawyvetilebebi (magaliTad, dafuZnebulidamoukidebeli qveynebis Sinagan saqmeebSi uSualo samxedro Carevaze).igive n. fergiusoni wers — “imis nacvlad, rom uzarmazari lokokinasaviT amoefaroseleqtronul javSans, SeerTebulma Statebma Tavisi uzarmazari resursebis sul ufro didinawili unda mimarTon imisaken, rom gadaaqcion msoflio usafrTxo adgilad kapitalizmisa dademokratiisaTvis. “istoriis dasasrulis” ideis miamiti triumfalizmis sawinaaRmdegod, esTavisTavad ki ar xdeba, aramed moiTxovs kanonisa da wesrigis mZlav instituciur dasayrdens.imperiuli aSS-s namdvili roli isaa, rom daafuZnos es institutebi iq, sadac isini ararseboben, Tu saWiroa. samxedro Zalis gamoyenebiTac. aseTi politikis sawinaaRmdegoaraviTari ekonomikuri argumenti ar arsebobs, radganac is autanelad Zviri ar dajdeba.Ddemokratiis danergva msoflios yvela gariyul saxelmwifoSi (rogue states) ar gazrdis aSSTavdacvis biujets qveynis mSp-s 5%-ze bevrad zeviT. amasTanave arsebobs ekonomikuriargumenti am ideis mxardasaWerad, radganac aseT qveynebSi kanonis uzenaesobis Setanamoitans grZelvadian dividentebs maTi vaWrobis aRorZinebisa da ganviTarebis Sedegad.” 94amerikuli imperiis idea jer kidev sakmaod winaaRmdegobrivia imisaTvis, rom aSSadministraciam is ama Tu im saxiT aRiaros. prezidenti j. buSi ambobda, magaliTad — “Cvenar viRwviT imperiisaken. Cveni eri erTgulia sakuTari da sxvebis Tavisuflebisa”. 95 amavedros, aSS yvela Sesadari parametrebiT aSkarad Sors scildeba kacobriobis istoriaSiyvelaze cnobil (da warmatebul) britaneTis imperias.obieqturad, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, is dedamiwaze darCenili erTaderTizesaxelmwifoa. igive ekonomikuri parametrebiT is Sors, ukan itovebs nebismier realurTu potenciur konkurents. 2003 wels masze modioda msoflio Sida produqtis 29.5% — 10948.5 miliardi dolari (21.4% dolaris msyidvelobiTi unaris gaTvaliswinebiT), rac metiavidre momdevno oTxi yvelaze ganviTarebuli qveynis (iaponia, didi britaneTi, safrangeTi,germania) mSp erTad aRebuli (10256.6 miliardi dolari). CineTic ki, romelic momavalSimisi realuri ekonomikuri konkurenti SeiZleba gaxdes (savaraudod 2018 wlisaTvis), misimSp-s mxolod 12.9%-s awarmoebs (59.0%-s msyidvelobiTi unaris gaTvaliswinebiT). 96 esmonacemebi orjer da metad aRemateba britaneTis imperiis analogiur monacemebs, rodesaces ukanaskneli Tavisi siZlieris pikze imyofeboda.garda amisa, amerikas gaaCnia uSualo ekonomikuri gavlenis iseTi mZlavri meqanizmebi,rogoricaa transnacionaluri (multinacionaluri) korporaciebi. britaneTis imperiisglobaluri dominirebis dros aseTebi praqtikulad saerTod ar arsebobda (<strong>for</strong>maluradiTvleba, rom pirveli aseTi korporacia mxolod 1932 wels Seiqmna, rodesac Lever BrothersgaerTianda Margarine Unie-Tan da Seqmna Unilever). dResdReobiT (2006 wlis dasawyisisaTvis)aseTi msoflioSi aTasobiTaa, xolo maT Soris amerikuli minimum naxevaria. msoflios 20yvelaze did kompanias Soris 10 amerikulia, xolo maT Soris ori yvelaze didis - Wall Martsada Exxon Mobil-s Semosavalebi 2003 wels cal-calke aRemateboda msoflios yvela qveynismSp-s, 15 yvelaze mdidris garda. maTi Semosavlebi, magaliTad sWarbobda iseTi qveynebismSp-sac rogoricaa norvegia, SvedeTi, fineTi, avstria Tu dania. 97 igive Exxon Mobildedamiwis 200 qveyanasa Tu teritoriaze moqmedebs.aSS imperiuli dominirebis erT-erTi friad Taviseburi gamoxatuleba isaa, rom maspraqtikulad msoflios yvela wamyvani saxelmwifosi didZali Tanxebi marTebs. rwmena amerikis53
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coherent and purposeful than before
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