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Other Mass Transfer Operations For additional information concerning solid/fluid separators, membrane separations, and air stripping, refer to the ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING section. 107 COST ESTIMATION Cost Indexes CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (continued) Cost Indexes as Annual Averages Year Marshall and Swift installedequipment index for the process industry, 1926 = 100 Chemical engineering plant cost index 1957–1959 = 100 1950 167 79 1960 237 102 1970 301 126 1980 675 261 1990 924 356 2000 1,108 394
Cost Segments of Fixed-Capital Investment Direct costs Component Range Purchased equipment-delivered (including fabricated equipment and process machinery such as pumps and compressors) 100 Purchased-equipment installation 39–47 Instrumentation and controls (installed) 9–18 Piping (installed) 16–66 Electrical (installed) 10–11 Buildings (including services) 18–29 Yard improvements 10–13 Service facilities (installed) 40–70 Land (if purchase is required) 6 Total direct plant cost 264–346 Indirect costs Engineering and supervision 32–33 Construction expenses 34–41 Total direct and indirect plant costs 336–420 Contractor's fee (about 5% of direct and indirect plant costs) 17–21 Contingency (about 10% of direct and indirect plant costs) 36–42 Fixed-capital investment 387–483 Working capital (about 15% of total capital investment) 68–86 Total capital investment 455–569 108 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (continued)
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FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING SUPPLIE
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Published by the National Council o
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CONTENTS Units.....................
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CONVERSION FACTORS Multiply By To O
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Case 4. Circle e = 0: (x - h) 2 + (
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MATRICES A matrix is an ordered rec
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Taylor's Series f ( x) = f ( a) ( a
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MENSURATION OF AREAS AND VOLUMES No
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CENTROIDS AND MOMENTS OF INERTIA Th
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Numerical Integration Three of the
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PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS A random vari
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HYPOTHESIS TESTING Consider an unkn
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ENGINEERING PROBABILITY AND STATIST
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22 CRITICAL VALUES OF THE F DISTRIB
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FORCE A force is a vector quantity.
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26 y y y y y y C Figure Area & Cent
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28 y y y Figure Area & Centroid Are
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Normal and Tangential Components y
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M is the moment applied to the part
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The figure shows a fourbar slider-c
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It may also be shown that the undam
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UNIAXIAL STRESS-STRAIN Stress-Strai
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STATIC LOADING FAILURE THEORIES Bri
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Using the stress-strain relationshi
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DENSITY, SPECIFIC VOLUME, SPECIFIC
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The Field Equation is derived when
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Specific fittings have characterist
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FLUID MEASUREMENTS The Pitot Tube -
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DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENEITY AND DIMENSI
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MOODY (STANTON) DIAGRAM e, (ft) e,
Page 61 and 62: PROPERTIES OF SINGLE-COMPONENT SYST
Page 63 and 64: Mixers, Separators, Open or Closed
Page 65 and 66: SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Therma
Page 67 and 68: Temp. o C T 0.01 5 10 15 20 25 30 3
Page 69 and 70: P-h DIAGRAM FOR REFRIGERANT HFC-134
Page 71 and 72: Gases Substance Air Argon Butane Ca
Page 73 and 74: RADIATION The radiation emitted by
Page 75 and 76: Use the cylinder diameter in the ev
Page 77 and 78: Shape Factor Relations Reciprocity
Page 79 and 80: For more information on Biology see
Page 81 and 82: Stoichiometry of Selected Biologica
Page 83 and 84: Avogadro's Number: The number of el
Page 85 and 86: 80 Specific Example IUPAC Name Comm
Page 87 and 88: MATERIALS SCIENCE/STRUCTURE OF MATT
Page 89 and 90: HARDENABILITY Hardenability is the
Page 91 and 92: POLYMERS Classification of Polymers
Page 93 and 94: Signal Conditioning Signal conditio
Page 95 and 96: An alternative form commonly employ
Page 97 and 98: ENGINEERING ECONOMICS Factor Name C
Page 99 and 100: ENGINEERING ECONOMICS (continued) 9
Page 105 and 106: B. LICENSEE’S OBLIGATION TO EMPLO
Page 107 and 108: Common Names and Molecular Formulas
Page 109 and 110: For mixtures of ideal gases: fi o =
Page 111: Distillation Definitions: α = rela
Page 115 and 116: Concentrations of Vaporized Liquids
Page 117 and 118: COARSE- GRAINED SOILS More than 50%
Page 119 and 120: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Influence Lines
Page 121 and 122: Pu A's As Mu A's As UNIFIED DESIGN
Page 123 and 124: SHORT COLUMNS Limits for main reinf
Page 125 and 126: GRAPH A.15 Column strength interact
Page 127 and 128: BEAMS: homogeneous beams, flexure a
Page 129 and 130: 124 CIVIL ENGINEERING (continued) B
Page 131 and 132: 126 CIVIL ENGINEERING (continued) A
Page 133 and 134: Fy = 50 ksi φb = 0.9 φv = 0.9 Sha
Page 135 and 136: ♦ 50.0 1.0 10.0 5.0 3.0 0.9 2.0 1
Page 137 and 138: ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN SELECTION T
Page 139 and 140: Kl r ASD Table C-50. Allowable Stre
Page 141 and 142: Open-Channel Flow Specific Energy 2
Page 143 and 144: Transportation Models See INDUSTRIA
Page 145 and 146: VERTICAL CURVE FORMULAS L = Length
Page 147 and 148: EARTHWORK FORMULAS Average End Area
Page 149 and 150: , METERS , METERS 144 ENVIRONMENTAL
Page 151 and 152: Cyclone Cyclone Collection (Particl
Page 153 and 154: FATE AND TRANSPORT Microbial Kineti
Page 155 and 156: LANDFILL Break-Through Time for Lea
Page 157 and 158: 152 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (cont
Page 159 and 160: No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1
Page 161 and 162: Exposure Residential Exposure Equat
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TOXICOLOGY Dose-Response Curves The
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♦ Aerobic Digestion Design criter
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where R Cin = stripping factor H′
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Bed Expansion Monosized Multisized
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Stokes' Law V t 2 ( ρp − ρf ) g
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Resistors in Series and Parallel Fo
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RC AND RL TRANSIENTS v R + V 1 −
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AC Machines The synchronous speed n
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LAPLACE TRANSFORMS The unilateral L
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Fourier Transform Pairs x(t) X(f) 1
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FM (Frequency Modulation) The phase
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180 ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEE
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OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS Ideal v2 vo
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FLIP-FLOPS A flip-flop is a device
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Standard Deviation Charts n A3 B3 B
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LINEAR REGRESSION Least Squares bx
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ERGONOMICS NIOSH Formula Recommende
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PERT (aij, bij, cij) = (optimistic,
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HYPOTHESIS TESTING Table A. Tests o
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ERGONOMICS U.S. Civilian Body Dimen
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202 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (continu
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The deflection θ and moment Fr are
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Failure by crushing of rivet or mem
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Only the tangential component Wt tr
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Cooling and Dehumidification ω Q
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Cycles and Processes Internal Combu
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Steam Trap Junction Pump See also T
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Compressor Isentropic Efficiency: w
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Infiltration Air change method ρ c
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compressible fluid, 50 compression
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jet propulsion, 48 JFETs, 182, 184
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esultant, 24 retardation factor R,
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State Code School Alabama Universit
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State Code School Minnesota Univers
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State Code School Virginia (Cont'd)
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