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REFRIGERATION AND HVAC Cycles Refrigeration and HVAC Two-Stage Cycle The following equations are valid if the mass flows are the same in each stage. Q� in h5 − h8 COPref = W� = + W� h − h + h −h COP HP Air Refrigeration Cycle WIN, 1 WIN, 2 in,1 in,2 2 1 6 5 Q� out h2−h3 = = W� + W� h − h + h −h in,1 in,2 2 1 6 5 TURBINE COMPRESSOR CONDITIONED SPACE WIN 217 COP COP ref HP = = MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (continued) ( h − h ) − ( h − h ) 2 ( h − h ) − ( h − h ) 2 h − h 1 h 1 1 2 4 − h See also THERMODYNAMICS section. Heating and Cooling Loads Heating Load ( T − T ) � = A i 1 R′ ′ = h L + k Q o Q � = heat transfer rate, 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 R′ ′ L2 L3 1 , where + + + k k h A = wall surface area, and R″ = thermal resistance. Overall heat transfer coefficient = U U = 1/R″ Cooling Load Q � = UA (Ti – To) Q � = UA (CLTD), where CLTD = effective temperature difference. CLTD depends on solar heating rate, wall or roof orientation, color, and time of day. 3 4 4 2
Infiltration Air change method ρ c Vn Q − 3, 600 ( T T ) � a p AC = i o , where ρa = air density, cP = air specific heat, V = room volume, nAC = number of air changes per hour, Ti = indoor temperature, and To = outdoor temperature. Crack method T T CL . Q = 2 − 1 � ( ) i o where C = coefficient, and L = crack length. See also HEAT TRANSFER section. Psychrometric Charts See THERMODYNAMICS section. Coefficient of Performance (COP) See section above and THERMODYNAMICS section. Components See THERMODYNAMICS section and above sections. 218 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (continued)
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FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING SUPPLIE
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Published by the National Council o
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CONTENTS Units.....................
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CONVERSION FACTORS Multiply By To O
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Case 4. Circle e = 0: (x - h) 2 + (
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MATRICES A matrix is an ordered rec
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Taylor's Series f ( x) = f ( a) ( a
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MENSURATION OF AREAS AND VOLUMES No
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CENTROIDS AND MOMENTS OF INERTIA Th
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Numerical Integration Three of the
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PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS A random vari
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HYPOTHESIS TESTING Consider an unkn
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ENGINEERING PROBABILITY AND STATIST
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22 CRITICAL VALUES OF THE F DISTRIB
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FORCE A force is a vector quantity.
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26 y y y y y y C Figure Area & Cent
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28 y y y Figure Area & Centroid Are
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Normal and Tangential Components y
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M is the moment applied to the part
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The figure shows a fourbar slider-c
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It may also be shown that the undam
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UNIAXIAL STRESS-STRAIN Stress-Strai
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STATIC LOADING FAILURE THEORIES Bri
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Using the stress-strain relationshi
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DENSITY, SPECIFIC VOLUME, SPECIFIC
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The Field Equation is derived when
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Specific fittings have characterist
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FLUID MEASUREMENTS The Pitot Tube -
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DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENEITY AND DIMENSI
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MOODY (STANTON) DIAGRAM e, (ft) e,
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PROPERTIES OF SINGLE-COMPONENT SYST
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Mixers, Separators, Open or Closed
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SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Therma
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Temp. o C T 0.01 5 10 15 20 25 30 3
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P-h DIAGRAM FOR REFRIGERANT HFC-134
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Gases Substance Air Argon Butane Ca
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RADIATION The radiation emitted by
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Use the cylinder diameter in the ev
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Shape Factor Relations Reciprocity
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For more information on Biology see
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Stoichiometry of Selected Biologica
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Avogadro's Number: The number of el
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80 Specific Example IUPAC Name Comm
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MATERIALS SCIENCE/STRUCTURE OF MATT
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HARDENABILITY Hardenability is the
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POLYMERS Classification of Polymers
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Signal Conditioning Signal conditio
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An alternative form commonly employ
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ENGINEERING ECONOMICS Factor Name C
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ENGINEERING ECONOMICS (continued) 9
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B. LICENSEE’S OBLIGATION TO EMPLO
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Common Names and Molecular Formulas
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For mixtures of ideal gases: fi o =
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Distillation Definitions: α = rela
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Cost Segments of Fixed-Capital Inve
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Concentrations of Vaporized Liquids
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COARSE- GRAINED SOILS More than 50%
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Influence Lines
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Pu A's As Mu A's As UNIFIED DESIGN
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SHORT COLUMNS Limits for main reinf
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GRAPH A.15 Column strength interact
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BEAMS: homogeneous beams, flexure a
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124 CIVIL ENGINEERING (continued) B
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126 CIVIL ENGINEERING (continued) A
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Fy = 50 ksi φb = 0.9 φv = 0.9 Sha
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♦ 50.0 1.0 10.0 5.0 3.0 0.9 2.0 1
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ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN SELECTION T
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Kl r ASD Table C-50. Allowable Stre
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Open-Channel Flow Specific Energy 2
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Transportation Models See INDUSTRIA
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VERTICAL CURVE FORMULAS L = Length
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EARTHWORK FORMULAS Average End Area
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, METERS , METERS 144 ENVIRONMENTAL
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Cyclone Cyclone Collection (Particl
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FATE AND TRANSPORT Microbial Kineti
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LANDFILL Break-Through Time for Lea
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152 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (cont
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No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1
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Exposure Residential Exposure Equat
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TOXICOLOGY Dose-Response Curves The
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♦ Aerobic Digestion Design criter
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where R Cin = stripping factor H′
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Bed Expansion Monosized Multisized
Page 171 and 172: Stokes' Law V t 2 ( ρp − ρf ) g
Page 173 and 174: Resistors in Series and Parallel Fo
Page 175 and 176: RC AND RL TRANSIENTS v R + V 1 −
Page 177 and 178: AC Machines The synchronous speed n
Page 179 and 180: LAPLACE TRANSFORMS The unilateral L
Page 181 and 182: Fourier Transform Pairs x(t) X(f) 1
Page 183 and 184: FM (Frequency Modulation) The phase
Page 185 and 186: 180 ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEE
Page 187 and 188: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS Ideal v2 vo
Page 193 and 194: FLIP-FLOPS A flip-flop is a device
Page 195 and 196: Standard Deviation Charts n A3 B3 B
Page 197 and 198: LINEAR REGRESSION Least Squares bx
Page 199 and 200: ERGONOMICS NIOSH Formula Recommende
Page 201 and 202: PERT (aij, bij, cij) = (optimistic,
Page 203 and 204: HYPOTHESIS TESTING Table A. Tests o
Page 205 and 206: ERGONOMICS U.S. Civilian Body Dimen
Page 207 and 208: 202 INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (continu
Page 209 and 210: The deflection θ and moment Fr are
Page 211 and 212: Failure by crushing of rivet or mem
Page 213 and 214: Only the tangential component Wt tr
Page 215 and 216: Cooling and Dehumidification ω Q
Page 217 and 218: Cycles and Processes Internal Combu
Page 219 and 220: Steam Trap Junction Pump See also T
Page 221: Compressor Isentropic Efficiency: w
Page 225 and 226: compressible fluid, 50 compression
Page 227 and 228: jet propulsion, 48 JFETs, 182, 184
Page 229 and 230: esultant, 24 retardation factor R,
Page 231 and 232: State Code School Alabama Universit
Page 233 and 234: State Code School Minnesota Univers
Page 235: State Code School Virginia (Cont'd)
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