fundamentals of engineering supplied-reference handbook - Ventech!
fundamentals of engineering supplied-reference handbook - Ventech!
fundamentals of engineering supplied-reference handbook - Ventech!
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Intake Rates<br />
EPA Recommended Values for Estimating Intake<br />
Parameter Standard Value<br />
Average body weight, adult<br />
Average body weight, child<br />
70 kg<br />
a<br />
0–1.5 years 10 kg<br />
1.5–5 years 14 kg<br />
5–12 years 26 kg<br />
Amount <strong>of</strong> water ingested daily, adult 2 L<br />
Amount <strong>of</strong> water ingested daily, child 1 L<br />
Amount <strong>of</strong> air breathed daily, adult 20 m 3<br />
Amount <strong>of</strong> air breathed daily, child 5 m 3<br />
Amount <strong>of</strong> fish consumed daily, adult 6.5 g/day<br />
Contact rate, swimming<br />
Inhalation rates<br />
50 mL/hr<br />
adult (6-hr day) 0.98 m 3 /hr<br />
adult (2-hr day) 1.47 m 3 /hr<br />
child 0.46 m 3 /hr<br />
Skin surface available, adult male 1.94 m 2<br />
Skin surface available, adult female 1.69 m 2<br />
Skin surface available, child<br />
3–6 years (average for male and female) 0.720 m 2<br />
6–9 years (average for male and female) 0.925 m 2<br />
9–12 years (average for male and female) 1.16 m 2<br />
12–15 years (average for male and female) 1.49 m 2<br />
15–18 years (female) 1.60 m 2<br />
15–18 years (male) 1.75 m 2<br />
Soil ingestion rate, children 1–6 years 200 mg/day<br />
Soil ingestion rate, persons > 6 years l00 mg/day<br />
Skin adherence factor, potting soil to hands 1.45 mg/cm 2<br />
Skin adherence factor, kaolin clay to hands 2.77 mg/cm 2<br />
Exposure duration<br />
Lifetime (carcinogens, for non-carcinogens use actual exposure duration) 70 years<br />
At one residence, 90th percentile 30 years<br />
National median 5 years<br />
Averaging time<br />
Exposure frequency (EF)<br />
(ED)(365 days/year)<br />
Swimming 7 days/year<br />
Eating fish and shellfish<br />
Exposure time (ET)<br />
48 days/year<br />
Shower, 90th percentile 12 min<br />
Shower, 50th percentile 7 min<br />
157<br />
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (continued)<br />
a<br />
Data in this category taken from: Copeland, T., A. M. Holbrow, J. M. Otan, et al., "Use <strong>of</strong> probabilistic methods to understand the conservatism in California's<br />
approach to assessing health risks posed by air contaminants," Journal <strong>of</strong> the Air and Waste Management Association, vol. 44, pp. 1399-1413, 1994.<br />
Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund. Volume 1, Human Health Evaluation Manual (part A). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA/540/l-89/002, 1989.
Change language