Appendix D Food Codes for NHANES - OEHHA

Scientific Review Panel Draft February, 2012
The concentration of antigen required for elicitation of a cell-mediated immune
response is significantly smaller than the concentration required for sensitization,
therefore, the failure of respiratory exposure limits to lower the rate of disease is
likely related to the continued unchecked skin exposure to beryllium particles
(Tinkle et al., 2003; Day et al., 2006; Deubner and Kent, 2007). Thus, in workers
with significant beryllium skin exposure, the pulmonary exposure required to elicit
a subsequent immune response and granuloma formation would be significantly
smaller.
To determine if BeO can penetrate the stratum corneum and reach the
immunologically active epidermis, Tinkle et al. (2003) conducted a pilot study in
which BeO particles were suspended in petrolatum (1 mg/g), painted on the back
of shaved mice, and the area covered with surgical tape. The average amount of
beryllium applied to each mouse was 70 µg. Excess BeO was removed from the
surface of the flank skin by gentle washing and tape stripping three times
immediately following 24-hr exposure. On day 7 or 14 following the exposure,
the amount of beryllium in the flank skin of BeO-treated mice was, on average,
1.2 µg/g tissue, thus confirming that BeO is present in the skin.
Additionally, Tinkle et al. (2003) observed in vitro that polystyrene latex spheres