Appendix D Food Codes for NHANES - OEHHA

Scientific Review PanelSRP Draft Version 2 February,June 2012
Del Bubba et al. is a similar study by the same research group that includes
additional participants from rural areas. The use of nonsmoking rural women
should reduce confounding contributions from the inhalation pathway. Airborne
concentrations of PAHs tend to be higher in urban areas due to mobile sources.
Based on the estimated intake of the same measured PAHs in dietary studies
and the PAHs found in breast milk from nonsmoking mothers (Del Bubba et al.,
2005; Zanieri et al., 2007), OEHHA was able to estimate transfer coefficients
(Tco) by Equation J-8, a version of Equation J-1:
Tcohmoi = Cmoi /(Doi) Eq. J-
8
where:
Cmoi = geometric average ith PAH concentration in mother’s milk (µg per
kg milk as wet weight)
Doi = geometric average dose of the ith PAH per day from dietary sources
(µg/day)
Cmoi is the geometric average of the ith PAH in whole milk from nonsmoking,
rural dwelling women. OEHHA obtained estimates of GM and GSD by pooling
and converting arithmetic estimates to geometric estimates of the mean and
standard deviation from two studies of nonsmoking rural-dwelling women (Del
Bubba et al., 2005; Zanieri et al., 2007). Doi is the geometric average of the ith
PAH taken in through dietary sources. Oral PAH Tcos for both carcinogenic and
noncancer PAHs are shown in Table J.3-6.
The Italian dietary study by Lodovici et al. (1995) supplied data in which OEHHA
could calculate estimates of dietary intake of nine PAHs among a population
living mostly in urban settings. OEHHA obtained GM and GSD estimates by
converting arithmetic estimates of dietary intake reported in Lodovici et al (1995)
and estimates of intake variability from Buiatti et al (1989).
These investigators estimated that the entire study population consumes about
1.9 µg of carcinogenic PAHs per day from dietary sources. Approximately 46% of
the total carcinogenic PAH intake comes from cereal products, non-barbecued
meat, oils and fats. Even though meat barbecued on wood charcoal has the
highest PAH levels, the contribution of these barbecued foods is only about 13%
of the carcinogenic PAH intake.
A limitation of the Italian dietary intake study is that the population examined was
58% men, and the study did not report any body weight adjustments. Thus, the
sample population may not represent the female population sampled by Zanieri
et al (2007). Other studies that have compared dietary PAH intake levels
between men and women indicate that men consume slightly higher levels of
J-30