Appendix D Food Codes for NHANES - OEHHA

Scientific Review Panel Draft February, 2012
loading, averaged about 1 to 5 mg/cm 2 during typical human activities in wet soil
with a moisture content of 9 to 18%, and usually less than 0.1 mg/cm 2 with
activities in dry soil with a moisture content of 3-4% (Kissel et al., 1998).
During dermal absorption studies, the soil used to measure dermal uptake is
applied to the skin as a "dry" formulation, i.e. the solvent used in the preparation
of the chemical laden soil is allowed to evaporate prior to dermal application.
The uptake of a soil-bound chemical from wet soil is expected to exceed the
uptake from dry soil because of the increased humidity and temperature at the
skin surface (Wester and Maibach, 1983). Such conditions exist for human
exposure scenarios that involve high humidity, high temperature, and skin
covering (e.g. gloves and clothing). Some studies are carried out under condition
of occluded skin, and these studies could be used to estimate chemical
absorption from soil when moisture is present.
In addition, the particle size distribution of soil adhering to skin also needs to be
considered in dermal absorption studies. Most recent dermal absorption studies
have sieved soil down to