Appendix D Food Codes for NHANES - OEHHA

Scientific Review Panel Draft February, 2012
vehicle for lindane in dermal absorption studies is related to lindane’s use as a
medicine to treat scabies.
Theoretical calculations in which release from soil is not the primary limiting
factor in the dermal absorption of lindane predict the percent absorbed at 55.6 to
98.5% (Bunge and Parks, 1997). The upper end of this range brackets the
82.1% absorption of applied dose observed by Feldman and Maibach (1974)
when the vehicle is acetone and evaporation of lindane is limited by occlusion.
However, the lower dermal absorption of lindane from soil observed by Duff and
Kissel (1996) is consistent with the theory of slow soil release kinetics, in which
partitioning from soil to skin is the limiting factor in dermal absorption for a
number of organic compounds (Bunge and Parks, 1997). Oral bioavailability
data for absorption of lindane from soil support the dermal data for absorption of
lindane from soil. Soil (organic matter content of 9.8%) spiked with lindane and
aged was found to have an oral bioavailability of only 7.2% in an in vitro
gastrointestinal extraction test (Scott and Dean, 2005).
The dermal exposure scenario used in this document assumes that deposition of
contaminated soil occurs on non-occluded skin exposed to the environment.
These conditions would promote evaporation of lindane from soil on the skin,
resulting in less absorption into skin than might be expected (Wester and
Maibach, 1985; Duff and Kissel, 1996). A potential limitation of this ABS is if
significant dermal deposition of lindane-contaminated soil occurs on skin under
clothing. The situation may then become one of a reservoir for lindane in which
enhanced dermal absorption occurs because of limited evaporation. However,
the volatilization potential for lindane from soil also suggests that the absorption
potential for lindane may be more significant when exposure is from excavated
soils or from surface soils soon after the contamination event (Bunge and Parks,
1997). These various countervailing influences on dermal absorption of lindane
under the exposure scenario support the assumption that the ABS will not
underestimate actual dermal absorption.
F. 4.6 Diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP)
Recommend point estimate for dermal uptake from soil: 9%
F. 4.6.1 Studies Considered
A. Key Studies
No studies were located on dermal absorption of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
(DEHP) from soil.
Deisinger et al. (1998) estimated the migration and subsequent absorption of
radiolabeled DEHP from polyvinyl chloride film into rat skin in vivo. Based on the
amount of DEHP that migrated from film (505.6 mg) with 24 hr dermal exposure,
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