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118 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR value es (es) obtained by confusion of the sign foro thirty' with the se condary form for three j:-. In AL'. 130 1. 133 occurs a doubtful value mu-us. The root is apparently esu > es. 4. lammu, SCHEIL, ibid, 3. The same word appears in the sign name tab-lamnw-bi igi-gubbu, 'tab placed four times opposite', V R. 19 a 59'. Written T in the late script. limmu is known only froID the syIlabar V R. 37 a 5 where this value is given for. elim. In the early period written
NUMERALS 119 20. ni8, SCHEIL,ibid.,13, and CT. XI 24, 32. \Ve should have ex pected the word to be min-u = 2 X 10. In case the original was min-u8u (see note 4, page 118) it may be that ni8 is to be derived from this formo 30. U8U,V R. 37 d 50, and CT. XII 24, 3. From es, 'three', and u, 'ten', e8-u> U8U> '. The value e-eS CT. XI 24, 33 is probably the resuIt of vowel harmony in which e has prevailed over u; e8u> ese> e8. 40. nimin, V R. 37 a 7. Composed of ni8, 'twenty', and min, 'two'. Contracted to nin, CT. XI 24,34 = 27 obv. II 24. 50. ninnü, V R. 37 a 15; CT. XI 24, 35. Composed of nin, 'forty', and u, 'ten'. nimin-u > ninnü. 60. The original word for 'sixty' was apparently gi8, a value which may be assumed for the sign T = 60 2. By phonetic decay gi8 became mU83, and finally us, hence often written :rtT U8, and 1ET Ú84, The sign 1ET has also the value es and this is in fact the reading assi gned to lE! = 8üsa, 'sixty', in CT. XI 24,36 (e-e8, = es). es probably arose from gi8,ges by the apocopation of initial g. The Babylonian word for 'sixty " süsu, sussu is a loan-word from Sumerian sus, literally '1/6 of a circle', Le., 60 degrees, and hence sus = SUSSU(60) and sussü (1/6). The word sus must have been current in Sumer for sixty fol' it figures in the form fol' 216,000, 8u8-sar = 60 X 3,600. 600. The Babylonian neru may be of Sumerian ol'igin in which case the word for six hundred was ner. The late cuneifol'm writing is t, evidently developed from REC. 458. 3,600. sár, written ordinarily 4; the word Sár is also translated by kissatu, 'totality', a vast number. 10 sár is pl'onounced sar-u,. 20 Sár, 1. By vowel harmony. 2. Cf. T = kes in the sign name oí ~ T = pappu.kesse·ku, and the regular values oí lo clis, tis. 3. mu-us = 60, SBR. 92, 25. 4. Cf. PEISER, KB. IV 194. These two signs are not employed for 'sixty' in the .classical periodo The late numerical signs T~ = 100 and
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3NOVS-1l0S-NO'IVH:J 'aNV~U1l3S: ·3
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ABBREVIATIONS Names oí Principal S
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ABBREVIATIONS VII SAl. Seltene Assy
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II PREFACE lonian and Assyrian cult
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CHAPTER 1. Historical OuUine. § 1.
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HISTORICAL OUTLINE 3 § 2. The pron
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HlSTORICAL OUTLINE 5 connected with
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HISTORICALOUTLINE 7 § 7; The inscr
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HISTORICALOUTLlNE 9 2. Eannatum; hi
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BISTORICALOUTLINE 3. Ensagkusanna;
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HISTORICAL OUTLINE 13 5. Gudea. The
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HISTORICALOUTLINE 15 Gala kazal-Url
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HISTORICALOUTLINE 17 5. LibiHstar.
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CHAPTERII. The Origin and Principal
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THE ORIGIN AND PRINCIPAL CHARACTERI
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CHAPTER III. The Phonetic Elements
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l ¡ i J \ THE PHONETIC ELEMENTS OF
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THE PHONETICELEMENTSOF SUMERIANAND
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THE PHONETJC ELEMENTS OF SUMERJAN A
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THE PHONETIC ELEMENT'S OF SUMERJAN
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THE PHONETJC ELEMENTSOF SUMERJAN AN
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THE PHONETICELEMENTS.OF SUMERIANAND
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THE PHONETIC ELEMENTS OF SUMERJAN A
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THE PHONETIC ELEMENTS OF SUMERJAN A
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THE DETERMINATIVES 51 1. ~T
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THE DETERMINATIVES 53 a kind of dru
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THE DETERMINATIVES 55 ~~nsim = ru(,
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THE DETERMINATIVES 57 lusirburla-(f
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THE DETERMINATIVES 59 of Elam. The
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THE DETERMINATIVES 61 93074, 6, sug
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INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 63 By mean
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INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 65 § 74.
Page 75 and 76: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 67 tbe gen
Page 77 and 78: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 69 bar, 'l
Page 79 and 80: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 71 25 a 6.
Page 81 and 82: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 73 beavens
Page 83 and 84: INFLECTlON AND POSTFIXES 75 liquor'
Page 85 and 86: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 77 § 103.
Page 87 and 88: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 79 went be
Page 89 and 90: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 81 'upon t
Page 91 and 92: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES regularly
Page 93 and 94: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 85 propert
Page 95 and 96: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 87 sá mi-
Page 97 and 98: INFLECTION'AND POSTFIXES 89 § 139.
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER VI. Nouns and Adjectives.
Page 101 and 102: NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 93 mar (~T~H~)
Page 103 and 104: lO NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 95 ereated'
Page 105 and 106: NOUNSAND ADJECTIVES 97 (only as con
Page 107 and 108: NOUNSAND ADJECTIVES 99 18, 19; 28,
Page 109 and 110: CHAPTER VII. Pronouns. § 155. Sume
Page 111 and 112: PRONOUNS 103 from the independent f
Page 113 and 114: PRONOUNS 105 K. 5423, occurs as the
Page 115 and 116: PRONOUNS 107 e-ne is really nothing
Page 117 and 118: •• ~ A- STATUS OBLIQUUS PRONOUN
Page 119 and 120: PRONOUNS 111 a, but the force of ha
Page 121 and 122: PRONOUNS 113 § 168. Sumerian emplo
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER VIII. Numerals'. § 170. Th
Page 125: NDMERALS 117' only two lsa, and "\
Page 129 and 130: NUMERALS 121 for 1/3 and 2/3 follow
Page 131 and 132: NUMERALS 123 plied severally to eac
Page 133 and 134: --- 'to direct the just' 'o (ki) e-
Page 135 and 136: THE VERB 127 ily derived by adding
Page 137 and 138: ~' TBE VERB 129 Thus ni, na, hi, ha
Page 139 and 140: ... ¡ THE VERB 131 be internally m
Page 141 and 142: THE VERB 1:33 absolute indifference
Page 143 and 144: THE VERB 135 and the middle voices
Page 145 and 146: THE VERB 137 in nam-nun-IU sag ma-a
Page 147 and 148: THE VERB 139 bi indicates a subject
Page 149 and 150: THE VERB 141 often toward the centr
Page 151 and 152: THE VERB 143 generally repeated in
Page 153 and 154: THE VERB 145 si reproduces causativ
Page 155 and 156: THE VERB 147 ka dü-dé gú-de-a z
Page 157 and 158: THE VERB 149 1'he majority of compo
Page 159 and 160: THE VERB J51 directly upon tbe exte
Page 161 and 162: THE VERB 153 filled with abundance'
Page 163 and 164: pendent clauses. arad nin-a-ni kena
Page 165 and 166: THE VERB 157 like the apsu he estab
Page 167 and 168: thee' 1. ü-ba-ra-e-ne 2 til-la-zu-
Page 169 and 170: THE VERB 161 ag-mu-sú d.nin-in-si-
Page 171 and 172: THE VERB 163 he had built for him E
Page 173 and 174: THE VERB 165 the great net of Enlil
Page 175 and 176: THE VERB 167 ation of the future si
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THE VERB 169 sag-ga-ni nu-mu-zu, 'i
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CHAPTER X Conjunctions' . § 229. T
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OONJUNOTIONS 173 § 233. The emphat
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CONJUNCTIONS 175 terror". The conju
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The simple form me-e only in syllab
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180 (12) pa-te-si galu gis-pi-túg'
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182 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR en dingi¡'nin
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184 (15) ki-dím ri-ba-ni (16) a-e/
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186 uso (16) é-nig-ga-za dap' ú-m
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• 188 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 21. dingir
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190 -.:::::;;.....::::... __ .~_._~
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192 55. nig-ur-tab-tab.ba 1 cl·gtr
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194 35. gís-gar-bi azag-azag-ga-á
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196 31. gidim-gul a-lá(l)-gul utuk
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198 26. nam kur-kur.ra tar-ri-da-ni
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-"., 200 ---'~---~- c..'-"-===~''"-
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tr i!p" i"· rl '1 ----------.-----
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204 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 1. ASIR, ASER,
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206 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR 53. bara-::Hga
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208 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR = nalfaru, bre
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210 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR DIL, Be concav
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212 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 1. DUR, Prince
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214 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR ambar-ra dú-s
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216 GIL, GlM, 1. GIN, Be firm, true
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_.~~~-=-~ 218 ----~------~--_._--._
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220 Der. nam-gú-slr = 1;;:il}ru. l
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222 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR IMI-TEG, Rave
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~ 224 SUMERlAN GRAMMAR KESDA, Bind.
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226 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR l. LAG, Be cle
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~ ---~~-- ____ 228 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
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230 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 1. MURUB, Womb
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~--- ---=- --~.''''-----_._--~".,--
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----------- -- -~ --- ------- 234 S
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~..-._- -------_.~ --:-:o"'---~.:--
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----.....~-~- 238 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
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o~ - 240 SUMERJAN GRAMMAIt 3. SIL,
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:tl ~, 242 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 2, 6. O
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'----_. 244 SUMERIAN • GRAMMAR wh
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246 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR ~'>' -'~- --==
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248 SUMEHIAN GRAMMAR 1. TUB, To rep
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250 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR inilu kissati,
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252 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR 31, 18. Innini
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254 5' SUMERIAN GRAMMAR who is prot
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256 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 3. USAN, Elami
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258 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 3. zm, MeaI. z
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. XXVI, V 83. a SYLLABIC Jj ~ar~~ -
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il ea). - ~T bar ~- r . bar is not
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- ~ T~ im dlg lt~~~: ~-- ~~n ~(GU-
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LIST OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SYLLABlC
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-r ORIGINAL LIST OF THE MOST IMPORT
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ly 1/60. g'im gWl , ~- LIST OFANCIE
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O. 4686 rey. 3.J SUM ug 7 11111 ASS
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~ I ~CT.XV LlST OF THE MOST IMPORTA
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~ mTT •.... ~ :'n ~~T~T -v" W~ H
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~I ( I ~HH ft Sever, ~S ~
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kur 'it LIST OF THE MOST ASSYRIAN O
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p " .ll vv ~B ~H~ + ~Tn t:.f + t T~
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mus mug ~(Gudea) {;-
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mn ----_._~_.- ---.- ..- * LIST OFA
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1'UH -~~t LIST OF THE MOST IMPORTAN
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il á +~B ~~m (?) áSSYRIA:,( A:\CI
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~ l' l..ln sd ~BmY €7,0 4J~ §::t
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sigsin sir ck, ~ LIST OF THE MOST A
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un ul m :--.~ -~--------- - ium I I
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- ur rr* rmün ~ ;:~ .t'r ur " -.~-
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zá 302 ASSYRIAN SIGN ANClENT SIGN
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T INDEX1 a, Signs for, ;¿9, 32. In
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ha, Alter loan-words, § 22 and p.
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ADDENDA § 1. Kengin = Nippur. Note
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Page 8, note 1, 1. 2, read occurrin
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