Download Ebook - The Knowledge Den

More documents

Recommendations

Info

84 SUMERIAN· GRAMMAR • muItitude, was placed· after the names of things to indicate a large number of such objects. The earliest known occurrence is OBI. 11 rev. 4, in the total of a list of fibrous garments, nigin 90 tug {¡a-a,, total 90 fibrous garments '. CT. III 12 B 11, nigin 23 [Jud {¡a-a, 'total 23 oxen'. CT. IX 23 rey. 36, nigin 1691 udu-{¡a-a, 'Total 1691 sheep'. None of the texts cited are earlier than the Sargonic period and it may well be a scholastic invention 1 • The Semites, so far as my own statistics shew, use4Tf in the same manner, i. e., after tbings and animals only. § 129. The plural es, as, us employed only with verbs, was attached to the definite pl. me giving rise to a new inflection me-es, probably written T~
INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 85 property " POEBEL, no. 42, 3'. ~ indicates the plural in as-me ás-ás =samsati, 'sun disks ". The Semitic scribes indicate the dual by n min, the ordinary word for ' two " but this method does not appear to be Sumerian. su-min,' two hands '; igi-min, , two eyes '. § 131. To express the genitive relation between two nouns Sumerian employs the suffix ge (rectus) and ka (obliquus)3. Generally speaking, if the construct be in the rectus the genitive will be indicated by ge, if the construct be oblique the genitive will be indicated by ka. Yet ge may be employed if the genitive be put into relation with an oblique construct by the vowel a, as in gig-u-na-ge, 'in the height of the night', IV R, 26 a 184; or in á-zid-da lugal-zag-ge 5, 'at the side of thy king " Cyl. A 6, 12 (§ 78). This proves that the essential force of the element Vg, k, is one of emphasis binding the descriptive noun to its construct (if we may employ that term loosely here) to form a single conception. The inflection of the particle itself cannot be original and the reason for employing k in the oblique case and g in the rectus is not apparent. We should have expected either ge-ga or ke-ka 6. The genitive may be possessi ve, dam lugalage, 'wife of the king " or descri ptive, namlugal kalama-ge, 'lordship of the land '. Ordinarily the possessive suffix follows the genitive particle if its antecedent is the genitive, but precedes if its antecedent be the construct : gisdúr-gar-mag nam-nin-ka-ni, , the great throne of her ladyship " Gud. F 3, 8. Here ni refers to the goddess possessor of the quality namnin. But arad ni-tug nin-a-na-kam, 'the 1. AIso uncertain. We may read kunuk gal, i e., kunuk zitti. 2. Date formula of Samsuditana. - ather examples cited by BRúNNow, 5936. 3. HOMMELapparently made the first correct statement in regard to the genitive force of ka, Semitische Volker und Sprachen, p. 510. AMIAUD,ZK. 1, 236 243, discovered most of the principIes governing the use of these particles. 4. Apparently the sense is 'darkness of supreme highness '. eL zag gistir_ ra-ge, 'at the side of the forest', ibid., 20. 5. For za-ge. See also RADAU,BE. V, Ser. D, pt. 2, p. 17. 6. It is probable that the original particle of the gen. rectus was ki, ke. The sign ordinarily employed for ge t::TTT has the major value kit. It may have been differentiated to [fe to avoid confusion with the postfb::ed determinative of place ki. (See above, p. 58.)
Page 1 and 2:
3NOVS-1l0S-NO'IVH:J 'aNV~U1l3S: ·3
Page 3 and 4:
ABBREVIATIONS Names oí Principal S
Page 5 and 6:
ABBREVIATIONS VII SAl. Seltene Assy
Page 7 and 8:
II PREFACE lonian and Assyrian cult
Page 9 and 10:
CHAPTER 1. Historical OuUine. § 1.
Page 11 and 12:
HISTORICAL OUTLINE 3 § 2. The pron
Page 13 and 14:
HlSTORICAL OUTLINE 5 connected with
Page 15 and 16:
HISTORICALOUTLINE 7 § 7; The inscr
Page 17 and 18:
HISTORICALOUTLlNE 9 2. Eannatum; hi
Page 19 and 20:
BISTORICALOUTLINE 3. Ensagkusanna;
Page 21 and 22:
HISTORICAL OUTLINE 13 5. Gudea. The
Page 23 and 24:
HISTORICALOUTLINE 15 Gala kazal-Url
Page 25 and 26:
HISTORICALOUTLINE 17 5. LibiHstar.
Page 27 and 28:
CHAPTERII. The Origin and Principal
Page 29 and 30:
THE ORIGIN AND PRINCIPAL CHARACTERI
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42: CHAPTER III. The Phonetic Elements
Page 43 and 44: l ¡ i J \ THE PHONETIC ELEMENTS OF
Page 45 and 46: THE PHONETICELEMENTSOF SUMERIANAND
Page 47 and 48: THE PHONETJC ELEMENTS OF SUMERJAN A
Page 49 and 50: THE PHONETIC ELEMENT'S OF SUMERJAN
Page 51 and 52: THE PHONETJC ELEMENTSOF SUMERJAN AN
Page 53 and 54: THE PHONETICELEMENTS.OF SUMERIANAND
Page 55 and 56: THE PHONETIC ELEMENTS OF SUMERJAN A
Page 57 and 58: THE PHONETIC ELEMENTS OF SUMERJAN A
Page 59 and 60: THE DETERMINATIVES 51 1. ~T
Page 61 and 62: THE DETERMINATIVES 53 a kind of dru
Page 63 and 64: THE DETERMINATIVES 55 ~~nsim = ru(,
Page 65 and 66: THE DETERMINATIVES 57 lusirburla-(f
Page 67 and 68: THE DETERMINATIVES 59 of Elam. The
Page 69 and 70: THE DETERMINATIVES 61 93074, 6, sug
Page 71 and 72: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 63 By mean
Page 73 and 74: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 65 § 74.
Page 75 and 76: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 67 tbe gen
Page 77 and 78: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 69 bar, 'l
Page 79 and 80: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 71 25 a 6.
Page 81 and 82: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 73 beavens
Page 83 and 84: INFLECTlON AND POSTFIXES 75 liquor'
Page 85 and 86: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 77 § 103.
Page 87 and 88: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 79 went be
Page 89 and 90: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 81 'upon t
Page 91: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES regularly
Page 95 and 96: INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 87 sá mi-
Page 97 and 98: INFLECTION'AND POSTFIXES 89 § 139.
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER VI. Nouns and Adjectives.
Page 101 and 102: NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 93 mar (~T~H~)
Page 103 and 104: lO NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES 95 ereated'
Page 105 and 106: NOUNSAND ADJECTIVES 97 (only as con
Page 107 and 108: NOUNSAND ADJECTIVES 99 18, 19; 28,
Page 109 and 110: CHAPTER VII. Pronouns. § 155. Sume
Page 111 and 112: PRONOUNS 103 from the independent f
Page 113 and 114: PRONOUNS 105 K. 5423, occurs as the
Page 115 and 116: PRONOUNS 107 e-ne is really nothing
Page 117 and 118: •• ~ A- STATUS OBLIQUUS PRONOUN
Page 119 and 120: PRONOUNS 111 a, but the force of ha
Page 121 and 122: PRONOUNS 113 § 168. Sumerian emplo
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER VIII. Numerals'. § 170. Th
Page 125 and 126: NDMERALS 117' only two lsa, and "\
Page 127 and 128: NUMERALS 119 20. ni8, SCHEIL,ibid.,
Page 129 and 130: NUMERALS 121 for 1/3 and 2/3 follow
Page 131 and 132: NUMERALS 123 plied severally to eac
Page 133 and 134: --- 'to direct the just' 'o (ki) e-
Page 135 and 136: THE VERB 127 ily derived by adding
Page 137 and 138: ~' TBE VERB 129 Thus ni, na, hi, ha
Page 139 and 140: ... ¡ THE VERB 131 be internally m
Page 141 and 142: THE VERB 1:33 absolute indifference
Page 143 and 144:
THE VERB 135 and the middle voices
Page 145 and 146:
THE VERB 137 in nam-nun-IU sag ma-a
Page 147 and 148:
THE VERB 139 bi indicates a subject
Page 149 and 150:
THE VERB 141 often toward the centr
Page 151 and 152:
THE VERB 143 generally repeated in
Page 153 and 154:
THE VERB 145 si reproduces causativ
Page 155 and 156:
THE VERB 147 ka dü-dé gú-de-a z
Page 157 and 158:
THE VERB 149 1'he majority of compo
Page 159 and 160:
THE VERB J51 directly upon tbe exte
Page 161 and 162:
THE VERB 153 filled with abundance'
Page 163 and 164:
pendent clauses. arad nin-a-ni kena
Page 165 and 166:
THE VERB 157 like the apsu he estab
Page 167 and 168:
thee' 1. ü-ba-ra-e-ne 2 til-la-zu-
Page 169 and 170:
THE VERB 161 ag-mu-sú d.nin-in-si-
Page 171 and 172:
THE VERB 163 he had built for him E
Page 173 and 174:
THE VERB 165 the great net of Enlil
Page 175 and 176:
THE VERB 167 ation of the future si
Page 177 and 178:
THE VERB 169 sag-ga-ni nu-mu-zu, 'i
Page 179 and 180:
CHAPTER X Conjunctions' . § 229. T
Page 181 and 182:
OONJUNOTIONS 173 § 233. The emphat
Page 183 and 184:
CONJUNCTIONS 175 terror". The conju
Page 185:
The simple form me-e only in syllab
Page 188 and 189:
180 (12) pa-te-si galu gis-pi-túg'
Page 190 and 191:
182 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR en dingi¡'nin
Page 192 and 193:
184 (15) ki-dím ri-ba-ni (16) a-e/
Page 194 and 195:
186 uso (16) é-nig-ga-za dap' ú-m
Page 196 and 197:
• 188 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 21. dingir
Page 198 and 199:
190 -.:::::;;.....::::... __ .~_._~
Page 200 and 201:
192 55. nig-ur-tab-tab.ba 1 cl·gtr
Page 202 and 203:
194 35. gís-gar-bi azag-azag-ga-á
Page 204 and 205:
196 31. gidim-gul a-lá(l)-gul utuk
Page 206 and 207:
198 26. nam kur-kur.ra tar-ri-da-ni
Page 208 and 209:
-"., 200 ---'~---~- c..'-"-===~''"-
Page 210 and 211:
tr i!p" i"· rl '1 ----------.-----
Page 212 and 213:
204 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 1. ASIR, ASER,
Page 214 and 215:
206 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR 53. bara-::Hga
Page 216 and 217:
208 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR = nalfaru, bre
Page 218 and 219:
210 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR DIL, Be concav
Page 220 and 221:
212 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 1. DUR, Prince
Page 222 and 223:
214 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR ambar-ra dú-s
Page 224 and 225:
216 GIL, GlM, 1. GIN, Be firm, true
Page 226 and 227:
_.~~~-=-~ 218 ----~------~--_._--._
Page 228 and 229:
220 Der. nam-gú-slr = 1;;:il}ru. l
Page 230 and 231:
222 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR IMI-TEG, Rave
Page 232 and 233:
~ 224 SUMERlAN GRAMMAR KESDA, Bind.
Page 234 and 235:
226 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR l. LAG, Be cle
Page 236 and 237:
~ ---~~-- ____ 228 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
Page 238 and 239:
230 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 1. MURUB, Womb
Page 240 and 241:
~--- ---=- --~.''''-----_._--~".,--
Page 242 and 243:
----------- -- -~ --- ------- 234 S
Page 244 and 245:
~..-._- -------_.~ --:-:o"'---~.:--
Page 246 and 247:
----.....~-~- 238 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
Page 248 and 249:
o~ - 240 SUMERJAN GRAMMAIt 3. SIL,
Page 250 and 251:
:tl ~, 242 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 2, 6. O
Page 252 and 253:
'----_. 244 SUMERIAN • GRAMMAR wh
Page 254 and 255:
246 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR ~'>' -'~- --==
Page 256 and 257:
248 SUMEHIAN GRAMMAR 1. TUB, To rep
Page 258 and 259:
250 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR inilu kissati,
Page 260 and 261:
252 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR 31, 18. Innini
Page 262 and 263:
254 5' SUMERIAN GRAMMAR who is prot
Page 264 and 265:
256 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 3. USAN, Elami
Page 266 and 267:
258 SUMERJAN GRAMMAR 3. zm, MeaI. z
Page 269 and 270:
. XXVI, V 83. a SYLLABIC Jj ~ar~~ -
Page 271 and 272:
il ea). - ~T bar ~- r . bar is not
Page 273 and 274:
- ~ T~ im dlg lt~~~: ~-- ~~n ~(GU-
Page 275 and 276:
LIST OF THE MOST IMPORTANT SYLLABlC
Page 277 and 278:
-r ORIGINAL LIST OF THE MOST IMPORT
Page 279 and 280:
ly 1/60. g'im gWl , ~- LIST OFANCIE
Page 281 and 282:
O. 4686 rey. 3.J SUM ug 7 11111 ASS
Page 283 and 284:
~ I ~CT.XV LlST OF THE MOST IMPORTA
Page 285 and 286:
~ mTT •.... ~ :'n ~~T~T -v" W~ H
Page 287 and 288:
~I ( I ~HH ft Sever, ~S ~
Page 289 and 290:
kur 'it LIST OF THE MOST ASSYRIAN O
Page 291 and 292:
p " .ll vv ~B ~H~ + ~Tn t:.f + t T~
Page 293 and 294:
mus mug ~(Gudea) {;-
Page 295 and 296:
mn ----_._~_.- ---.- ..- * LIST OFA
Page 297 and 298:
1'UH -~~t LIST OF THE MOST IMPORTAN
Page 299 and 300:
il á +~B ~~m (?) áSSYRIA:,( A:\CI
Page 301 and 302:
~ l' l..ln sd ~BmY €7,0 4J~ §::t
Page 303 and 304:
sigsin sir ck, ~ LIST OF THE MOST A
Page 305 and 306:
un ul m :--.~ -~--------- - ium I I
Page 307 and 308:
- ur rr* rmün ~ ;:~ .t'r ur " -.~-
Page 309 and 310:
zá 302 ASSYRIAN SIGN ANClENT SIGN
Page 312 and 313:
T INDEX1 a, Signs for, ;¿9, 32. In
Page 314 and 315:
ha, Alter loan-words, § 22 and p.
Page 316 and 317:
ADDENDA § 1. Kengin = Nippur. Note
Page 318:
Page 8, note 1, 1. 2, read occurrin
show all

Download Ebook - The Knowledge Den

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?