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INFLECTION AND POSTFIXES 65
§ 74. The locative : eri-a = inama(jllzi, 'in the city', CT. XVI,
9, 18. sil-a gub-ba-me8=inasaki ittanamzazzu sunu, ,in the street they
stand " CT. XVI, 15, col. V, 14. sag-ba gi-unú ... mu-na-ni-da, 'therein
the giguna he built', Gud. B 5, 18. é-a sig-bi s'ig-e mu-ni-ga-ga; 'in
the temple he made glorious the brick', Cyl. A 18, 27. é-mag-ni-a,' in
her great temple', Gud. St. A 2,5. Used in a pregnant sense of entering
and resting in a place, as é-a ba-si-in-tur, 'into the house he entered',
IV R. 7 a 17. é-a tú-a é-da-zu-dé, 'when thou goest to the house of wash­
ing', V R. 51 a 28. AIso tbe locative of separation, uru-zu-a é-um, 'from
thy city cause to go away (the wicked)', Bab., IlI, 248,25. kas burra
de-da, 'to pour beer from the bowl', Cyl.B 6, 26. sita-na,' in his
(its) water pot', IV R. 27 a 8. an-na, 'on high', (elis), IV R. 9 a 61.
ki-a s'ig-gan mu-un-da-ab-úg = ina irEíitim innassa!J, 'from the earth
it is torn', IV R. 4 b 5. imi-bi ki-azag-ga im-mi-dib, 'tbe clay from a
sacred place he took', Gud. F2, 16.
Locative.
§ 75. The instrumental is sharply distinguished from the living Instrumental.
agent, the latter being expressed by da. gul-a maq-bi lal-a-ni=ma'dis
salputi Eíandaku, 'by misery much am I bOTInd', IV R. 19 b 41.
kára an-ni-ib-da-e, 'wi th a knife one shall sbear him', POEBEL,
no. 57, 22. lu-gal-lu-bi zid-sur-ra u-me-ni-gir, 'this man with a mixture
of meal circumscribe', ASKT. 92, 14. sim-erin-na mu-na-ni-da,
'with resinous cedar he made it', Gud. B 5, 19. The instrumental case is
more regularly formed with the postfix sú, as in kal'-ra-as mi-ni-inda-e,
V R. 25 e 27. gLn-su ne-sl,g, 'he smote with the blade', Eannatum,
brique, B 11 5 and passim.
Or by ta, § 103.
§ 76. The dative is employed as a secondary or exterior object with
compound verbs of the first class, and often in the sense of the
Indo-Germanic ethical dative '. Sumerian more often employs for tbe
indirect object of persons' the postfix ra. dúg-dúg-ga ...8u-zid-im-mí-
1. Ordinarily only when the noun is the name of a 'thing', as distinguished
from a 'person'.
2. But, cf. ama-mu, 'to my mother', in the Selection o/ Temts no. 1, col. I 29.
GRAM. SUl\{.
Dative.