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170 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
ba-ra. § 228. From the noun bar, 'side', 'outside', Sumerian derived the
adverb ba-ra, 'beside', 'on the outside' " and the preposition 'beside' 2.
From the meaning 'without', 'in lack of', the negative optative particle
ba-ra arose; g'tr-ne-ne g'tr-a-ni'-ia ba-ra-an-ieg-ga-e-ne, 'Their feet to
his feet let them not bring nigh' '. ki-sur-ra ... ba-ra-mu-bal-e, 'The
boundary let him not cross over'~. The fundamental sense of deprivaiion
appears in, dam ur-galu-ge ba-ra-an-zig-ne, 'The wife from the
bosom of man they remove " CT. XVI 15 a 36.
[The negative bara must not be confused with the verbal prefixes
ba-ra composed of ba and infix ra, as bar-ia-bi-sú ga-ba-ra-an-gub-ba,
'May he stand aside' '. J
1. ba-m nigin-c (ina abatí issanibburu), 'on the outside they are restrained',
CT. XVII 35, 45.
2. ba-ra-na = ullanussú, 'without him', K 2605 obv. 7. bar udu-lág-ka azagbi
gar-ri-és, 'In Iack of a white sheep they brought silver'. SAK. ~7h) III 19.
3. Sic! We expect nao
4. ASKT. 90, 70.
5. SAK. 16 XX, 17-9.
6. ASKT. 98, 42.