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THE DETERMINATIVES 59
of Elam. The usage is best illustrated by the writing for Amaria
kurmar-tu " land of Amoria; !Jarsag mar-tu, mountain of Amoria'.
Notice the date formulae of Sargansarri" which have mar-tu but
gu-ti-um-(ki) '. The Sumerians evidently regarded the suffix J..°ias a
10cative of vague importo Originally the sign conveyed the nOLion of
a limited locality, designating the word as a place-name simply; in
practice ki would ordinarily indicate a city 5.
~ kÜI', , land, mountain', prefixed to all names of foreign 01' non­
Sumerian lands and mountains. The 8ign is a picture of a range of
hills. The Semites employed the determinative for lands and mountains
of their own empire as well as for foreign lands. kurnim-ma-(ki) =
Elam; etc.
I.EJ túg, 'fibrous cloth and articles made of fibrous cloth' 6. The
determinative may convey only the general notion of cloth often without
regard to the material; consequently we find expressions ¡ike túg lwd­
lal, a garment made of linen (J..'itü). DP. 73, obv. I, túgsig=sissiktu, a
kind of cape made oi wool, V R. 15 a 24. vVoollen garments are,
however, ordinarily distinguished from the túg class by means of the
sign s/{j =(úpatu 'wool'. It may well be that túg in its stricter sense,
refers to eloths made ofjíbrous material such as flax, hemp, straws of
various kinds. The original sign REC. 468 should, after the analogy of
IEXX~, sig 'a comb, carding machine fol' wool', represent 80me kind
1. SAK. 210.
2. ¡bid., 70.
3. Ibid., 225.
4. This principie is not violatecl by such examples as kagalad-(ki) [¡arsag kimas-!w,
Kagalacl, mountain of Kimas, where garsug is suffixecl.
5. For example, see the inscription of a patesi of Susa, SAK. 176, süsi-(ki)
= Susa, the city, ancl ma-ti Elamti-(ki), the lancl of Elam. Notice the clistinction
of su-bir-(ki) = Subartu ancl krirsu-bir-(hi) = Subartu, II R. 50 e, 48 ancl 60.
6. Accorcling to SCHRANK,Eabyl.-Sü!mriten, p. 30, '5ubatu, = túg, has the
special sense 'unclershirt'. Be that as it may, the original Sumerian worcl canno!
have any such special signification. Compare Gucl. Cyl. A '¿7,7, kurkurra túg-dím
im-dril, 'it covers the lancls like a mantle '.