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146 SUMERIAN GRAMMAR
ed' '. The notion of association is more subtle and approaches the
dative of advantage and disadvantage, often expressed by suffixed ra,
in the following constructions ; balag kenag-ni ... ursag nig-ba-e kenag-
ra ... é-ninnu u-mu-na-da-tur-ri, 'his beloved lyre ... for the hero
who loves gifts into Eninnü ... cause to be brought' 2. arad á-gis-
tag-tug-ra lugal-a-ni sag nu-ma-da-dúb, 'the slave iniquitous his lord
smote not on the head' 3.
da passiye. The da of agency 4 (§ 95) when infixed naturally gives the verb a
passive force, a construction not always kept distinct from the instru­
mental passive properly expressed by the oblique forms ba and ma.
sag-engar-da '" igi-gar-bi e-da-aga, 'by the chief farmer ... the
accoun t has been made' '. igi-zid utul-da e-da-síg, 'by Igizid, the shep­
herd, they have been pastured (?)' 6.
The constructioI). appears with things in later texts only. zi-zi-da­
zu-dé kalam igi mu-e '-da-zi-zid, 'by thy faithfulness the land is faith­
fally surveyed' 8.
Or as a sim pIe passive; ki-en-gi-rá iá 9-dirig mu-da-de, 'in Sumer
oil shall be poured out in abandance' 'o. kur-kur-ri iá mu-da-sud-e,
'the lands are anointed with oil' ". ud-ba unug-(ki)-gi ka-zal-a pár­
nw-da-zal-zal-li, 'then Erech was made radiant with joy' ". urí-(ki)-e
gud-dím sag-an-sú mu da-il, 'U r like a steer was exalted heavenward' 13.
da reproduces the da of purpose with infinitives (§ 97) in é cl.ningirsu-
1. SER. 73, 3= SBP. 260.
2. Cyl. A 6, 24-7, 2.
3. Cyl. A 13, 6-7.
4. See especially Syntame, p. 225.
5. NIK., 255.
6. TSA. 30 rey. m, 3-6.
7. Pronounced ma.
8. RADAU, Miscel. no. 4, 10.
9. 1 have proYisionally retained the pronunciation la for NI = samnu but the
yalue appears to me most doubtfu!'
10. Cy!. A 11, 16.
11. Cy!. A 18, 28.
12. SAK. 154 II, 26-9.
13. Ibid., 30-32.