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68 SUMERIANGRAMMAR
language. On the other hand the notions of movement from the centre
toward the exterior or from the exterior toward the centre do not appear
to have been differentiated. Thus the king of Lagash says gir-su-(ki)-ta
umma-(ki)-sú ... e-gín, 'from Lagash to Dmma he went'. Butthe Elamites
come from Elam and sir-bur-la-(ki)-ta nigga 1 nim-(ki)-Sú ni-ilá,
'from Lagash carried booty to Elam " THUREAU-DANGIN,Une Incursion
Élamite, RA. VI, obv. II.
radative. § 81. ra is evidently identical with the verb ara (~T) 'to go',in
fact both ra, ri and ir a ppear in this sense.
Tbe fundamental sense of ra is toward, implying motion toward
and is employed properly witb persons only'. Tbe Semitic translation
ana approximately represents the Sumerian ra. lt is true that the
grammatical texts occasionally translate ra by ina, but ra in an-ur-ra
=ina isid same, 'on the horizon of heaven' is clearly the phonetic ending,
locative, and ra in VR. 50 a 33, is ra accusative, see below 3.
a-a-ni-ir ba-an-teg, 'unto bis fatberhe drew nigh', CT. XVII, 21,
117. galu-ra ba-ni-in-gar, 'upon a man be bas put (a curse)', IV
R. 7 a 19. sag-gíg galu-ra sa-mu-un-ma-mal" , beadache against a
man one has sent' 5. lugal-a-ni-ir ... X ... é gir-su-(ki)-ka-ni mu-na-dü,
'for his k.ing X has built his temple in Girsu', SAK. 148, no. 22.
ad-da-ne-ne-ra in-na-ab-kallagi-ne, 'to tbeir father they will pay',
POEBEL, no. 28, 25. sal-nitag-dam-zu-ur ... sagga-[zu] gu-mu-un­
[na-de], 'unto thy wife say what is in tby beart', RADAU, Ninib the
Determiner, etc., 66, 4. a-a-za-ur ide-za d. multil-ra u-ba-e-ni-bar-
1. For nig-gal; the a in the accusative preserved by force of etymology.
2. 1 have the recollection that M. FR. THUREAU-DANGIN was the first to re­
mark on this phenomenon but cannot find that he has published the statement.
In é-kúr-ra = ana ekur, IV R. 24 b 3, 'unto Ekur', ra is a phonetic complement
and the form is really the status obliquus. So also in bar-ra, = ana a!Jati,
'aside', we have to do with locative case barra.
3. BRÜNNOW, 6366 L, has given a misleading statement concerning ra.
4. Variantof gn ~H T ~Hl
5. So the Sumerian, impersonal and active where the Semi tic is passive,
issakin, IV R. 3 b 48.