Properties of hemp fibre polymer composites -An optimisation of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Comparison of composites made from fungal defibrated hemp with composites of traditional hemp yarn Anders Thygesen 1,2,3* , Anne Belinda Thomsen 3 , Geoffrey Daniel 4 and Hans Lilholt 1 1 Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; 2 Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Højbakkegård Allé 1, DK-2630 Tåstrup, Denmark; 3 Biosystems Department, Risø National Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; 4 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, WURC, P.O. Box 7008, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. *Corresponding Author: Anders Thygesen: Fax: +45 46774122; Telephone: +45 46774279; anders.thygesen@risoe.dk Correspondence address: Biosystems Department, Risø National Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark Journal: Industrial Crops and Products, Accepted. 120 Risø-PhD-11
ABSTRACT Aligned epoxy-matrix composites were made from hemp fibres defibrated with the fungi Phlebia radiata Cel 26 and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora previously used for bio pulping of wood. The fibres produced by cultivation of P. radiata Cel 26 were more cellulose rich (78% w/w) than water-retted hemp due to more degradation of pectin and lignin. Even though the crystalline cellulose content in the fibres remained intact during water retting, the fibre bundle strength decreased, which shows that degradation of other components like pectin reduced the fibre strength. The defibrated hemp fibres had higher fibre stiffness (88-94 GPa) than the hemp yarn (60 GPa), which the fibre twisting in hemp yarn might explain. Even though mild processing was applied, the obtained fibre strength (643 MPa) was similar to the strength of traditionally produced hemp yarn (677 MPa). The fibre strength and stiffness properties are derived from composite data using the rule of mixtures model. The hemp fibre tensile strength increased linearly with cellulose content to 850 MPa for pure cellulose. The fibre stiffness increased also versus the cellulose content and cellulose crystallinity and reached a value of 125 GPa for pure crystalline cellulose. KEY WORDS A: Phlebia radiata Cel 26, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora B: Fibre composition, cellulose crystallinity C: Epoxy-matrix composites, mechanical properties Risø-PhD-11 121
Page 1 and 2:
Risø-PhD-11(EN) Properties of hemp
Page 3 and 4:
Contents Preface 6 1 Resumé 7 2 Li
Page 5 and 6:
PhD thesis: Properties of hemp fibr
Page 7 and 8:
1 Resumé Karakterisering af hampef
Page 9 and 10:
2.4 Oral presentations Anders Thyge
Page 11 and 12:
4 Introduction Hemp (Cannabis sativ
Page 13 and 14:
4.2 The outline of the thesis The f
Page 15 and 16:
The only fertilizer used was 360/48
Page 17 and 18:
Temperature [ o C] 35 30 25 20 15 1
Page 19 and 20:
A B Figure 7. A: Model of transvers
Page 21 and 22:
Figure 8. Lignin (a), pectin (b) an
Page 23 and 24:
Figure 11. Microfibril angles (MFA)
Page 25 and 26:
Teleman, 1997). The crystal structu
Page 27 and 28:
to the computing effort and the sub
Page 29 and 30:
Figure 15. The structure of hemicel
Page 31 and 32:
fibre mats, which are made by air-d
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 18. From fibre filament to a
Page 35 and 36:
A B C D Figure 20. Chemical structu
Page 37 and 38:
water vapour and air are removed fr
Page 39 and 40:
7 Defibration methods Defibration m
Page 41 and 42:
Table 5. Fibre yield and cellulose
Page 43 and 44:
a b c Composition [% w/w] 100 Compo
Page 45 and 46:
8 Fibre strength in hemp The streng
Page 47 and 48:
8.2 Effect of pre-treatment of hemp
Page 49 and 50:
E-modulus [GPa] 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 51 and 52:
Second mode: Failure is controlled
Page 53 and 54:
structure, which made much higher f
Page 55 and 56:
Table 7. Porosity factors determine
Page 57 and 58:
Thereby, the effective fibre streng
Page 59 and 60:
a b Composite tensile strength σcu
Page 61 and 62:
Table 9. Mechanical properties in a
Page 63 and 64:
a σ c/ρ c [10 3 m 2 /s 2 ] b Ec/
Page 65 and 66:
Fibre strength σ f [MPa] Fibre sti
Page 67 and 68:
11 References Andersen TL, Lilholt
Page 69 and 70: Kaar WE, Cool LG, Merriman MM, Brin
Page 71 and 72: Stowell EZ, Liu TS, 1961. On the Me
Page 73 and 74: Appendix A: Comprehensive composite
Page 75 and 76: The porosity constants can now be d
Page 77 and 78: Appendix D: Density and mechanical
Page 79 and 80: Paper I Changes in chemical composi
Page 81 and 82: Risø-PhD-11 81
Page 89 and 90: Paper II Hemp fiber microstructure
Page 91 and 92: ABSTRACT Characterization of hemp f
Page 93 and 94: METHODS AND TECHNIQUES Treatment of
Page 95 and 96: 2000) and their orientation gave th
Page 97 and 98: By TEM microscopy, the single fiber
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Chemical composition of th
Page 101 and 102: Table 2. Tensile strength (σ) and
Page 103 and 104: Morvan, C., Jauneau, A., Flaman, A.
Page 119: Paper IV Comparison of composites m
Page 123 and 124: the calculation of volume fractions
Page 125 and 126: solution (pH 4) for 4 h at 85°C. L
Page 127 and 128: E ⎛ dσ c ⎞ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ dε
Page 129 and 130: Table 2. Chemical composition, stru
Page 131 and 132: transverse section of the small hem
Page 133 and 134: Long fibres that pass through the e
Page 135 and 136: Figure 6. Effect of composite fabri
Page 137 and 138: DISCUSSION The defibration of hemp
Page 139 and 140: This investigation showed that the
Page 141 and 142: Bos, H.L., Molenveld, K., Teunissen
Page 143 and 144: Thygesen, A., 2006. Properties of h
Page 147: Risø’s research is aimed at solv
show all

Properties of hemp fibre polymer composites -An optimisation of ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?