Properties of hemp fibre polymer composites -An optimisation of ...

Appendix A: Comprehensive composite data
Physical and mechanical properties measured for the composites and the calculated
fibre properties after correction of composite strength and stiffness for porosity. Long
fibre bundles over the entire test length (18 cm) and short overlapping fibres of 6 cm
length were used in the fibre lay-ups.
Fibre type Technique /
fibre length
Fibres from hemp stems treated with:
Water
retting
C. sub.
P. radiata cel 26
Hemp yarn
Tex 47
Wf
%w/w
Vf
%v/v
Vm
%v/v
Vp
%v/v
ρc
g/cm 3
No fibres No cover 0 0 98 2 1.136 64 2.974 3.6 k=32.7
23 17 76 7 1.126 95 15.2 0.78 21 111 16.4 575 85.3
Raw bast >18 cm 30 22 72 6 1.161 122 17.1 1.11 29 140 18.2 541 72.9
35 26 68 6 1.178 122 20.4 0.75 20 141 21.9 489 76.3
18 13 81 6 1.131 88 13.4 0.72 20 99 14.2 636 90.5
>18 cm
30
40
22
29
73
62
5
9
1.177
1.168
129
151
20.3
25.3
0.72
0.66
20
18
143 21.4
182 27.7
582
584
86.9
88.4
42 31 61 8 1.187 153 26.4 0.66 18 181 28.6 540 85.4
16 12 86 3 1.158 59 10.7 0.63 17 62 10.9 400 71.6
6 cm 29 22 73 5 1.177 100 18.0 0.70 19 111 19.0 446 76.8
36 28 69 3 1.220 130 24.3 0.69 19 140 25.1 457 83.0
26 19 78 2 1.194 112 16.1 0.95 25 118 16.5 506 72.8
6 cm 32 25 73 2 1.228 137 25.0 0.66 18 143 25.6 518 93.6
35 27 69 4 1.216 150 22.7 0.84 23 162 23.5 539 79.3
21 16 81 3 1.174 112 15.7 0.92 25 119 16.2 622 86.2
>18 cm 27 20 77 3 1.196 162 22.1 1.09 29 171 22.7 740 101.8
42 32 62 5 1.217 174 30.1 0.75 21 196 31.8 567 93.0
18 18 79 3 1.189 161 13.6 1.78 43 171 14.0 746 63.4
Wound
30
40
19
27
79
68
2
5
1.200
1.198
160
209
12.7
17.3
1.87
1.82
44
43
167 12.9
235 18.3
709
770
56.8
61.0
42 35 60 6 1.229 230 21.3 1.64 40 261 22.6 686 60.1
>18 cm
9
15
23
24
73
73
3
4
1.208
1.207
164
187
16.0
16.0
1.55
1.63
38
40
200 16.5
177 16.6
730
625
61.3
60.4
Hemp
22 22 75 3 1.204 157 13.1 1.93 45 166 13.5 611 51.9
yarn
Tex 91
>18 cm
18 24 74 2 1.230 153 13.5 1.91 45 158 13.7 516 47.7
Barley
straw
>18 cm
9
15
22
5
7
10
70
55
46
25
37
44
0.870
0.743
0.671
19
15
19
3.0
3.2
4.0
0.63
0.58
0.52
18
16
16
26
23
33
3.0
3.2
4.0
251
194
263
18.2
21.2
26.7
E-Glass
Wound
>18 cm
42
55
40
59
24
35
22
38
76
64
77
61
1
1
1
2
1.484
1.648
1.470
1.686
387
467
313
482
23.7
30.3
20.4
29.6
1.70
1.57
1.60
1.68
41
39
39
41
393 23.9 1539
479 30.7 1316
318 20.5 1281
498 30.1 1251
91.8
83.4
81.3
74.7
Wound 76 57 41 2 1.963 769 41.5 1.68 41 802 42.3 1418 72.7
σcu
MPa
Ec
GPa
εc
%
σM
MPa
σcup
MPa
Ecp
GPa
σfu
MPa
Risø-PhD-11 73
Ef
GPa