Properties of hemp fibre polymer composites -An optimisation of ...

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The relationship for composite tensile strength can be determined by substituting Ef with σf and substituting Em with σm(εu). ( 1−W f ) σm( εu) ( 1 Vp ) σ ⎛W cu fσfu = ⎜ + ρ ⎜ c ρ ⎝ f c ρm ⎞ ⎟ ⎠ − nσ ( 1− Wf ) σm( εu) Wfρm + ( 1−Wf ) ρ f W ( 1 ) ( 1 W ) ( 1 ) σ ⎛W cu fσfu = ⎜ + ρ ⎜ c ρ ⎝ f c ρm ⎞⎛ ⎟⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎠⎝ fρm + α f + − f ρ f + αm ⎞ ⎟ ⎠ ( 1−Wf ) σm( εu) Wf ( ρm − ρ f ) + ρ f W ( 1 ) ( 1 W ) ( 1 ) σ ⎛W cu fσ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ fu = ⎜ + ⎟× ⎜ ⎟ ρ ⎜ c ρ f ρ ⎟ ⎜ ⎝ m ⎠ ⎝ fρm + α f + − f ρ f + α ⎟ m ⎠ 78 Risø-PhD-11 nσ nσ
Paper I Changes in chemical composition, degree of crystallisation and polymerisation of cellulose in hemp fibres caused by pre-treatment. (Proceedings of the 23 th Risø International Symposium on Materials Science, Risø National Laboratory, Denmark, pp. 315-323) Risø-PhD-11 79
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Risø-PhD-11(EN) Properties of hemp
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Contents Preface 6 1 Resumé 7 2 Li
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PhD thesis: Properties of hemp fibr
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1 Resumé Karakterisering af hampef
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2.4 Oral presentations Anders Thyge
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4 Introduction Hemp (Cannabis sativ
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4.2 The outline of the thesis The f
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The only fertilizer used was 360/48
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Temperature [ o C] 35 30 25 20 15 1
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A B Figure 7. A: Model of transvers
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Figure 8. Lignin (a), pectin (b) an
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Figure 11. Microfibril angles (MFA)
Page 25 and 26:
Teleman, 1997). The crystal structu
Page 27 and 28: to the computing effort and the sub
Page 29 and 30: Figure 15. The structure of hemicel
Page 31 and 32: fibre mats, which are made by air-d
Page 33 and 34: Figure 18. From fibre filament to a
Page 35 and 36: A B C D Figure 20. Chemical structu
Page 37 and 38: water vapour and air are removed fr
Page 39 and 40: 7 Defibration methods Defibration m
Page 41 and 42: Table 5. Fibre yield and cellulose
Page 43 and 44: a b c Composition [% w/w] 100 Compo
Page 45 and 46: 8 Fibre strength in hemp The streng
Page 47 and 48: 8.2 Effect of pre-treatment of hemp
Page 49 and 50: E-modulus [GPa] 90 80 70 60 50 40 3
Page 51 and 52: Second mode: Failure is controlled
Page 53 and 54: structure, which made much higher f
Page 55 and 56: Table 7. Porosity factors determine
Page 57 and 58: Thereby, the effective fibre streng
Page 59 and 60: a b Composite tensile strength σcu
Page 61 and 62: Table 9. Mechanical properties in a
Page 63 and 64: a σ c/ρ c [10 3 m 2 /s 2 ] b Ec/
Page 65 and 66: Fibre strength σ f [MPa] Fibre sti
Page 67 and 68: 11 References Andersen TL, Lilholt
Page 69 and 70: Kaar WE, Cool LG, Merriman MM, Brin
Page 71 and 72: Stowell EZ, Liu TS, 1961. On the Me
Page 73 and 74: Appendix A: Comprehensive composite
Page 75 and 76: The porosity constants can now be d
Page 77: Appendix D: Density and mechanical
Page 81 and 82: Risø-PhD-11 81
Page 89 and 90: Paper II Hemp fiber microstructure
Page 91 and 92: ABSTRACT Characterization of hemp f
Page 93 and 94: METHODS AND TECHNIQUES Treatment of
Page 95 and 96: 2000) and their orientation gave th
Page 97 and 98: By TEM microscopy, the single fiber
Page 99 and 100: Table 1. Chemical composition of th
Page 101 and 102: Table 2. Tensile strength (σ) and
Page 103 and 104: Morvan, C., Jauneau, A., Flaman, A.
Page 119 and 120: Paper IV Comparison of composites m
Page 121 and 122: ABSTRACT Aligned epoxy-matrix compo
Page 123 and 124: the calculation of volume fractions
Page 125 and 126: solution (pH 4) for 4 h at 85°C. L
Page 127 and 128: E ⎛ dσ c ⎞ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ dε
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Table 2. Chemical composition, stru
Page 131 and 132:
transverse section of the small hem
Page 133 and 134:
Long fibres that pass through the e
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Figure 6. Effect of composite fabri
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DISCUSSION The defibration of hemp
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This investigation showed that the
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Bos, H.L., Molenveld, K., Teunissen
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Thygesen, A., 2006. Properties of h
Page 145 and 146:
Risø-PhD-11 145
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Risø’s research is aimed at solv
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