FIFTH CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE ... - IAEA

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- 129 - °- FREOUENCï flNHLïSIS ! •- TIME HNHLÏSIS I 16. Orientation of the circular rod measured from ultrasonic frequency analysis and time analysis plotted against the diameter measured from a pair of vernier calipers. As the circular rods are all held vertically, points in good agreement would fall on the x-axis. -4- A 17. rf signals and rectified rf signals.
- 130 - THE INTRODUCTION OF REAL-TIME RADIOGRAPHY FOR THE INSPECTION OF BUTT WELDS IN OFFSHORE PIPELINES T.E. Re.ynold& In. Bfiown S Root Inc. Houston, Texas, U.S.A. This paper was presented at the 16th Annual OTC in Houston, Texas, May 7-9, 1984. The material is subject to correction by the author. Printed with permission of the Offshore Technology Conference. 1. ABSTRACT Real time radiography may significantly reduce the costs and efforts, improve the reliability, and eliminate some subjectivity arising from the conventional film radiographie inspection of butt welds in offshore pipeline production. This paper describes this state of the art technology and discusses its introduction to the production line of traditional pipe laying barges. 2. INTRODUCTION Traditional offshore pipeline installation operations involve an assembly line process. Welding, inspecting, and coating the pipe occur simultaneously along the assembly line. New weld methods and pipe handling systems are being developed to speed this fabrication operation. In order to avoid having the inspection station become the slowest, and thereby the controlling station in the timing of this process, quicker inspection techniques must be developed. Because conventional film radiography is currently being pushed to its limits, other inspection methods were investigated. Furthermore, the current mood among pipeline contractors' clients is to remain with radiography and not stray into other non-destructive examination techniques such as ultrasonics. Real time radiography provides the required speed of inspection and helps solve the problem of subjectivity in interpretation. This paper is the result of efforts to bring a real time radiographie system to field testing on a pipe laying vessel. Potential manufacturers of these systems were contacted and encouraged to pursue development of this technology. Field testing is to be conducted once successful prototype demonstrations have been completed. This paper attempts to define the considerations to be made in real time radiography systems by describing the function of the systems and mentioning current applications of them. The current status of various codes governing pipeline inspection is reviewed with respect to their acceptance of real time radiography as a viable inspection method. Interpretation of radiographs can be a subjective art. Disputes arise among the three parties whose concern is weld quality: the client, the contractor, and the inspector. Limiting the range of interpretability of radiographs is
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q 11 Atomic Energy of Canada Limite
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ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED FIF
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CINQUIEME CONFERENCE CANADIENNE SUR
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iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A special note
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DAY 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Advanced Rad
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DAY1 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Five Years Ex
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MB Power has a total generating cap
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The fourth lesson learned was that
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STATION UNIT Coleson Cove Coleson C
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0*'? - 8 - Ä | '••• '~-!.if~
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- 10 - 7/8 inch Titanium Tube 3D i
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The facility at CFB Greenwood was c
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CONDITION MONITORING - 14 - The Con
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- 16 - REDUCING UNWANTED EFFECTS ~
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- 18 - When this happens, the instr
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- 20 - (CJUIMTTCJW ROTOR BLADE SHOW
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- 22 - Un»hl«ld«d prob* - good b
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STEEL FASTENERS EXAMINATION OF FAST
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- 26 - SKIP FINNED TUHt •< IG 5 I
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To gain primary statistical informa
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- 30 - The next step in the develop
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Each firing of the capacitor banks
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- 34 - At the Bruce we have complet
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1 GARTER SPRING IN VERTICAL POSITIO
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DIGITAL READ OUT 3.595 TOIL ELEMENT
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- 40 - EVALUATION OF ULTRASONIC MET
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III MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS - 42 -
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C Real defects - 44 - Here we repor
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Flaw Figure 1: Schematic of experim
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0.5 E10 Q. 8 1.5 2.0 - 48 - Positio
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- 50 - Figure 6: Optical micrograph
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- 52 - specialized applications suc
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- 54 - As the probed surface is not
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- 56 - in practice the central frin
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- 53 - bipolar pulse, as it is seen
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- 60 - 18. J.-P. Monchalln and R. H
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Sample Lens Ultrasound - 62 - Detec
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CD CO c O Q. W 0 - 64 - Sin(7TfuT)
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- 66 - AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC TESTING
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- 68 - 2.1 Scanning Bridge and Imme
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- 70 - each waveform digitization t
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- 72 - Further development of the s
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TRANSDUCER SELECT/ PULSE CONTROL -
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SCAIIIIING BRIDGE COLOUR GRAPHICS D
Page 89 and 90: Figure J — Beam profile of 3.5 MH
Page 91 and 92: - 80 - an additional reverse magnet
Page 93 and 94: - 82 - reinitialise the stress depe
Page 95 and 96: BAR MAGNET IDEAL FIELDS MEASURED FI
Page 97 and 98: - 86 - Figure 4: Hysteresis loops f
Page 99 and 100: -150 H= 1.6 kA/m COMPRESSION -100 -
Page 101 and 102: - 90 - MAGNETISATION ANHYSTERETÎC
Page 103 and 104: (b) 19 mm diameter o Hard spot 19mm
Page 105 and 106: Q. I CO zL 2 (Ky) TYPICAL UNCERTAIN
Page 107 and 108: - 96 - Figure 14: Conceptual M-H be
Page 109 and 110: - 98 - characterization program bas
Page 111 and 112: - 100 - 1. Planar transducer: l.a.
Page 113 and 114: Fig. 1 1/JS - 102 - Echos observed
Page 115 and 116: - 104 - CAPABILITIES/LIMITATIONS OF
Page 117 and 118: - 106 - V = f* - 0.9 ak N [2] h. /^
Page 119 and 120: DISCUSSION - 108 - The results of t
Page 121 and 122: - 110 - FIGURE 1: Equipment Used fo
Page 123 and 124: FIGURE 4: - 112 - 5 10 IS 10 Depth
Page 125 and 126: FIGURE 6: Output of Computer Modell
Page 127 and 128: - 116 - "Events on earth consist in
Page 129 and 130: - 118 - now _n = Af (5) n where Af
Page 131 and 132: - 120 - REFERENCES 1. J.K. Feiblema
Page 133 and 134: PULSER IMMERSION TRANSDUCER WATER ^
Page 135 and 136: - 124 - 6. Ultrasonic frequency spe
Page 137 and 138: i I 1 i l - 126 - —j 10. Ultrason
Page 139: TIME RNFOSIS PLOT CRSF: - 128 - 1H.
Page 143 and 144: 5. QUALIFYING THE IMAGE - 132 - In
Page 145 and 146: - 134 - CONVENTIONAL FILM RADIOGRAP
Page 147 and 148: - 136 - 11.3 Computer Management of
Page 149 and 150: - 138 - Back end of system. The com
Page 151 and 152: - IAO - to be loaded properly into
Page 153 and 154: 20. OPERATIONAL UTILIZATION - 142 -
Page 155 and 156: % -•'v/ FILM AND SCREENS ' \ INSI
Page 157 and 158: - 146 - By design, these A/E monito
Page 159 and 160: - 148 - a) enables an A/E monitor s
Page 161 and 162: - 150 - OTHER . CHANNELS CONVENTION
Page 163 and 164: DAY 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Advanced Rad
Page 165 and 166: - 152 - ADVANCED RADIOGRAPHY FOR TR
Page 167 and 168: - 154 - for light weight and resist
Page 169 and 170: - 156 - available. Application exam
Page 171 and 172: - 158 - 28. V.J. Orphan, Science Ap
Page 173 and 174: CROSS SLIDE - 160 - AXIAL DRIVE : 3
Page 175 and 176: - 162 - Fig. 4. Two neutron radiogr
Page 177 and 178: INTRODUCTION (Continued) - 164 - Pr
Page 179 and 180: - 166 - SENSITOMETRIC QUALITY CONTR
Page 181 and 182: - 168 - MAKING THE TRANSITION TO AU
Page 183 and 184: (Continued) - 170 - The primary mec
Page 185 and 186: UJNXKAST o Indicated: o Calculated:
Page 187 and 188: - 174 - F»LM_i5=l£B_ DATE22=22=ß
Page 189 and 190: - 176 - RECENT MICROFUCUS X~RAY IMA
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ABSTRACT - 178 - WET CHANNEL INSPEC
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- 180 - 5) an eddy current probe to
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- 182 - tube, say 0.5-1.0 metre, so
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - 184 - Many peopl
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- 186 - TABLE 3 Operational Objecti
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Pressure Tube Fuel -Carter Spring S
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«AC UUSU«O«HII INCUMKTM - 190 -
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Inlet or Outlet £nd Outlet 2m - 19
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- 194 - AN ADVANCED HEAT EXCHANGER
Page 209 and 210:
- 196 - storage terminal. However,
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2.4 Data Processing Subsystem 2.4.1
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- 200 - display parameter set could
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5. PLAYBACK - 202 - A tape playback
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" * 0 0 MOkE* i SUN! SOW A 1 3* ~V
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SLHHT POU 422/14 - 206 - x •* F-R
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- 208 - The recent failure of a Zir
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- 210 - probe in its operating envi
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- 212 - The eddy current and wall t
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6. SUMMARY - 214 - The failure of a
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+2.5%p Lift Off •* - 216 - +5% Wa
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0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 c .1 2 o
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0 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 -1.00 -1.25 i 1
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- 222 - CHECKING FOR CRACKS IN GAS
Page 237 and 238:
- 224 - on the fringes. (The sensit
Page 239 and 240:
Figure 1 18 MW gas turbine rotor, p
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- 228 - Figure 3 Weak penetrant ind
Page 243 and 244:
- 230 - Figure 7 All signals superi
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- 232 - Figure 11 Frequency respons
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- 234 - row 3 sent to 0 4 n 1Vor?d.
Page 249 and 250:
1. INTRODUCTION - 236 - In-service
Page 251 and 252:
- 238 - treatment, and bending are
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- 240 - With an AC coil surrounding
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- 242 - against magnet position, tr
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6. SUMMARY - 244 - Conventional edd
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10 1 Centre Magnet 2 Keepers 3 End
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A - II' Concentric Groove 0.1 mm de
Page 263 and 264:
- 250 ON THE RELATION BETWEEN ULTRA
Page 265 and 266:
- 252 - Following a brief descripti
Page 267 and 268:
CONCLUSION - 254 - In order to veri
Page 269 and 270:
- 256 - 13. R.L. Smith, F.L. Rusbri
Page 271 and 272:
Ultrasonic Instrumentation - 258 -
Page 273 and 274:
100 a (m" 1 ) 10 f Slope = 4 10 - 2
Page 275 and 276:
- 262 - ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING O
Page 277 and 278:
- 264 - Metal components with class
Page 279 and 280:
- 266 - Any recognizable fibre dama
Page 281 and 282:
- 268 - FIGURE 1 EXPULSION OF FIBRE
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100 95 LU LU 5 S 90 ^"-85 K H H 80
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- 272 - FIGURE 6 SENSORS AND PREAMP
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900 800 700 i/> 600 H Z O 500 U 400
Page 289 and 290:
- 276 - ACOUSTIC SORTING OF GRINDER
Page 291 and 292:
- 278 - 6e P = Po c - St or p = p0
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- 280 - (9) for hardened steel. All
Page 295 and 296:
- 282 - but not reseted, so the com
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- 284 - GOOD CRACKED 0 2 4 6 8 0 2
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0 - 286 - Figure 5: Resonance frequ
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- 288 - GOOD 0 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 Level
Page 303 and 304:
- 290 - THE BENEFITS OF NDT TRAININ
Page 305 and 306:
- 292 - C.S.N.D.T. Chapters continu
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- 294 - The groundwork is in place.
Page 309 and 310:
- 296 - The graduates of these prog
Page 311 and 312:
- 298 - CERTIFICATION OF NONDESTRUC
Page 313 and 314:
- 300 - (e) A differing but persist
Page 315 and 316:
250 200 150 100 50 Magnetic Particl
Page 317 and 318:
LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE R.S. Sh.an.
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- 305 - Another 'near future 1 need
Page 321 and 322:
- 307 - NDE OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS
Page 323 and 324:
- 309 - The system described in thi
Page 325 and 326:
and - 311 - S = a 2j for XR>a (2) S
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TRANSCEIVER digital signal display
Page 329 and 330:
m "O -30 z o Ul -40 u. Ul ce o o Ü
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- 317 - deep penetration in same fo
Page 333 and 334:
- 319 - the density by »w3 to 7%.
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density 10 3 kg/m 3 dissipation fac
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(0 60 g40 «MM "5. 3 O ü Cö §20
Page 339 and 340:
60 PZT7 Vp " - 325 - o A —polariz
Page 341 and 342:
- 327 -
Page 343 and 344:
- 329 - Fig. 8: Typical Outputs of
Page 345 and 346:
- 331 - ULTRASONIC ANALYSIS OF VOID
Page 347 and 348:
- 333 - function is approximated by
Page 349 and 350:
PULSER/RECEIVER OSCILLOSCOPE SPECTR
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to •a I a. a Ê £ < IS i-o 00 -
Page 353 and 354:
Figure 5: Frequency spectra from: (
Page 355 and 356:
- 341 - 100 150 Void Diameter (jjm)
Page 357 and 358:
- 343 - TIME (ns) Figure 9: Peak ti
Page 359 and 360:
- 345 - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ULTR
Page 361 and 362:
pu = T XX + T Xy tt x y pV = T Xy +
Page 363 and 364:
- 349 - linear system of equations
Page 365 and 366:
- 351 - These boundary conditions a
Page 367 and 368:
10. EXAMPLE - 353 - The following e
Page 369 and 370:
3 "/A ! - 355 - 1 I 2 I Figs. 1-4.
Page 371 and 372:
INTRODUCTION - 357 - The inspection
Page 373 and 374:
- 359 - A 3 by k array was construc
Page 375 and 376:
INVERSION PROBLEM - 361 - The inver
Page 377 and 378:
- 363 - the right of coils 1 to 6,
Page 379 and 380:
—- ••;•••• 'IM i lüi
Page 381 and 382:
- 3hl 2 3 4 OISTANCE (mm) Figure h.
Page 383 and 384:
- 369 - a) 0.080 X 0.010 X 0.004" 5
Page 385 and 386:
- 371 - DISTANCE ;,n(m) Figure 9b
Page 387 and 388:
- 373 - INTRODUCTION X-ray diffract
Page 389 and 390:
and - 375 - e a -^(a + a ) + —-
Page 391 and 392:
- 377 - The commercial prototype is
Page 393 and 394:
- 379 - REFERENCES 1) Klug, H.P. an
Page 395 and 396:
- 381 - incident x-ray beam diffrac
Page 397 and 398:
- 383 - Fig. 5(a). 200 W X-ray tube
Page 399 and 400:
- 385 - Fig. 7. Head of the commerc
Page 401 and 402:
- 387 - APPLICATIONS OF NEUTRON DIF
Page 403 and 404:
peaks which are easily measurable.
Page 405 and 406:
- 391 - directions around the circu
Page 407 and 408:
I.-3 TRIPLE-AXIS NEUTRON SPECTROMET
Page 409 and 410:
Ad hki£ d hkil xlO 3 - 395 - INTER
Page 411 and 412:
- 397 - Fig. 5 Longitudinal, tangen
Page 413 and 414:
I - INTRODUCTION - 399 - Polyethyle
Page 415 and 416:
- 401 - This together with the expr
Page 417 and 418:
- 403 - (5v/v)fit must be considere
Page 419 and 420:
Transducer Signal - 405 - P.E.(p.v)
Page 421 and 422:
ü .CO ü m O o CÖ g •4—> Q 2.
Page 423 and 424:
- 409 - The present study was carri
Page 425 and 426:
- 411 - Since tomographlc Images ar
Page 427 and 428:
- 413 - bore axis, were scanned. Th
Page 429 and 430:
- 415 - normally measured with a sh
Page 431 and 432:
(a) L (b) ic) 1 - 417 - •HwK- |3A
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Figure A : Orientation of the casti
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- 421 - APPENDIX A Determination of
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ÜJ I/) 1 ce TO PE/ a. 100 90 - 80
Page 439 and 440:
- 425 - This paper will concentrate
Page 441 and 442:
- 427 - Ultrasonic and radiographie
Page 443 and 444:
- 429 - A micrograph of the laminat
Page 445 and 446:
- 431 - 2. Holography requires disp
Page 447 and 448:
- 433 - 10. Green, D.R., Schneller,
Page 449 and 450:
- 4 35 - Fig. 2 (a): cross-section
Page 451 and 452:
10 _ 0.1 1_ 0.01 0.1 1 - 437 - TIME
Page 453 and 454:
• •' '
Page 455 and 456:
HEATING PULSES DETECTOR " -—FILTE
Page 457 and 458:
- 443 - 5 10 POSITION (mm) Fig. 10
Page 459 and 460:
- 445 - MATERIALS EFFECTS ON ACOUST
Page 461 and 462:
- 447 - orientation of these specim
Page 463 and 464:
- 449 - determined experimentally f
Page 465 and 466:
STRUCTURE •^ TRANSDUCER (S) - 451
Page 467 and 468:
- 453 - 500 PRESSURE (KPO) LEAK DIA
Page 469 and 470:
Caron, V. Energy Mines & Resources
Page 471 and 472:
Mclntyre, Dent Babcock & Wilcox Can
Page 473:
ISSN 0067-0367 To identify individu
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