FIFTH CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE ... - IAEA

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_ c _ If the 3 phase exitation is a constant voltage source of equal magnitude in each coil and the test object is symmetrical with respect to all 3 coils, then the offset voltage will be zero. However, any non-symmetrical defect, change in dimension, electrical or magnetic property will cause an impedence in balance and a defect indication. In practice this means that symmetrical features such as; support plates, tube fins, rolled joints, etc., will be invisible to "3D", whilst a non-symmetrical defect such as; an axial crack, corrosion or uneven fretting will give strong indications. In the present instance, the equipment was proved sensitive to an incomplete circumferential crack. In Figure 6 we can see an example of a circumferential crack in the titanium tubing. To the left we can see a stainless steel stake which in actual practice was installed exactly over the cracks. In Figure 7 we have compared the signals of conventional differential eddy current with "3D" for a support plate and a circumferential crack. The advantages of 3D for the latter are clearly apparent. The stainless steel "staking" proved to be an added complication since this was also unsymmetrical to the probe. Fortunately, however, the application of a very high frequency could be used to almost eliminate the staking signal whilst still retaining sufficient sensitivity in the 3D probe for the radial cracks. In this inspection program, several cracked tubes were found by "3D" in a water box where sensitive chemical detection equipment was unable to detect leakage. To conclude, we would like to summarize our experiences with regard to condenser inspection as follows: (a) Retubing a condenser costs 50 to 500 K$. We consider the cost of a typical inspection small, for the benefits accrued. (b) Each condenser inspection program must be "tailor-made" to its own particular operating problems. (c) Whereas we do not recommend annual inspections throughout the life of the condenser, we do recommend a couple of inspections during early in-service life to identify corrosion degradation at a stage where counter-measures are possible and worthwhile. (d) A first inspection should be considered both as baseline and an opportunity to identify any special techniques that need to be developed to measure a particular deterioration. (e) We are convinced that a well planned condenser inspection program will provide a great amount of information on material performance, degradation rate, susceptible zones and remaining tube life which will be of great benefit to plant operations.
STATION UNIT Coleson Cove Coleson Cove Coleson Cove Courtenay Bay Dalhousie Grand Lake Pt. Lepreau 1 2 3 3 4 1 2 8 1 TABLE 1 - DETAILS OF NEW BRUNSWICK ELECTRIC POWER COMMISSION STATIONS AND CONDENSERS CAPACITY (MW) TYPE CONDENSER MATERIALS 202 195 202 100 100 108 180 60 600 Oil Oil Oil Oil Oil Oil Oil/Coal Coal Nuclear Aluminum Brass/Partly Retubed Cu-Ni Aluminum Brass/Partly Retubed Cu-Ni Aluminum Brass/Partly Retubed Cu-Ni Aluminum Brass Aluminum Brass Aluminum Brass Titanium Aluminum Brass/Partly Retubed Cu-Ni Titanium NUMBER OF TUBES/CONDENSER 6,800 6,800 6,800 6,600 6,600 8,200 8,950 6,900 12,000 NUMBERTOF CONDENSERS
Page 1 and 2: q 11 Atomic Energy of Canada Limite
Page 3 and 4: ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED FIF
Page 5 and 6: CINQUIEME CONFERENCE CANADIENNE SUR
Page 7 and 8: iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A special note
Page 9 and 10: DAY 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Advanced Rad
Page 11 and 12: DAY1 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Five Years Ex
Page 13 and 14: MB Power has a total generating cap
Page 15: The fourth lesson learned was that
Page 19 and 20: 0*'? - 8 - Ä | '••• '~-!.if~
Page 21 and 22: - 10 - 7/8 inch Titanium Tube 3D i
Page 23 and 24: The facility at CFB Greenwood was c
Page 25 and 26: CONDITION MONITORING - 14 - The Con
Page 27 and 28: - 16 - REDUCING UNWANTED EFFECTS ~
Page 29 and 30: - 18 - When this happens, the instr
Page 31 and 32: - 20 - (CJUIMTTCJW ROTOR BLADE SHOW
Page 33 and 34: - 22 - Un»hl«ld«d prob* - good b
Page 35 and 36: STEEL FASTENERS EXAMINATION OF FAST
Page 37 and 38: - 26 - SKIP FINNED TUHt •< IG 5 I
Page 39 and 40: To gain primary statistical informa
Page 41 and 42: - 30 - The next step in the develop
Page 43 and 44: Each firing of the capacitor banks
Page 45 and 46: - 34 - At the Bruce we have complet
Page 47 and 48: 1 GARTER SPRING IN VERTICAL POSITIO
Page 49 and 50: DIGITAL READ OUT 3.595 TOIL ELEMENT
Page 51 and 52: - 40 - EVALUATION OF ULTRASONIC MET
Page 53 and 54: III MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS - 42 -
Page 55 and 56: C Real defects - 44 - Here we repor
Page 57 and 58: Flaw Figure 1: Schematic of experim
Page 59 and 60: 0.5 E10 Q. 8 1.5 2.0 - 48 - Positio
Page 61 and 62: - 50 - Figure 6: Optical micrograph
Page 63 and 64: - 52 - specialized applications suc
Page 65 and 66: - 54 - As the probed surface is not
Page 67 and 68:
- 56 - in practice the central frin
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- 53 - bipolar pulse, as it is seen
Page 71 and 72:
- 60 - 18. J.-P. Monchalln and R. H
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Sample Lens Ultrasound - 62 - Detec
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CD CO c O Q. W 0 - 64 - Sin(7TfuT)
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- 66 - AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC TESTING
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- 68 - 2.1 Scanning Bridge and Imme
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- 70 - each waveform digitization t
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- 72 - Further development of the s
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TRANSDUCER SELECT/ PULSE CONTROL -
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SCAIIIIING BRIDGE COLOUR GRAPHICS D
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Figure J — Beam profile of 3.5 MH
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- 80 - an additional reverse magnet
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- 82 - reinitialise the stress depe
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BAR MAGNET IDEAL FIELDS MEASURED FI
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- 86 - Figure 4: Hysteresis loops f
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-150 H= 1.6 kA/m COMPRESSION -100 -
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- 90 - MAGNETISATION ANHYSTERETÎC
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(b) 19 mm diameter o Hard spot 19mm
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Q. I CO zL 2 (Ky) TYPICAL UNCERTAIN
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- 96 - Figure 14: Conceptual M-H be
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- 98 - characterization program bas
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- 100 - 1. Planar transducer: l.a.
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Fig. 1 1/JS - 102 - Echos observed
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- 104 - CAPABILITIES/LIMITATIONS OF
Page 117 and 118:
- 106 - V = f* - 0.9 ak N [2] h. /^
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DISCUSSION - 108 - The results of t
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- 110 - FIGURE 1: Equipment Used fo
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FIGURE 4: - 112 - 5 10 IS 10 Depth
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FIGURE 6: Output of Computer Modell
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- 116 - "Events on earth consist in
Page 129 and 130:
- 118 - now _n = Af (5) n where Af
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- 120 - REFERENCES 1. J.K. Feiblema
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PULSER IMMERSION TRANSDUCER WATER ^
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- 124 - 6. Ultrasonic frequency spe
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i I 1 i l - 126 - —j 10. Ultrason
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TIME RNFOSIS PLOT CRSF: - 128 - 1H.
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- 130 - THE INTRODUCTION OF REAL-TI
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5. QUALIFYING THE IMAGE - 132 - In
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- 134 - CONVENTIONAL FILM RADIOGRAP
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- 136 - 11.3 Computer Management of
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- 138 - Back end of system. The com
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- IAO - to be loaded properly into
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20. OPERATIONAL UTILIZATION - 142 -
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% -•'v/ FILM AND SCREENS ' \ INSI
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- 146 - By design, these A/E monito
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- 148 - a) enables an A/E monitor s
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- 150 - OTHER . CHANNELS CONVENTION
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DAY 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Advanced Rad
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- 152 - ADVANCED RADIOGRAPHY FOR TR
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- 154 - for light weight and resist
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- 156 - available. Application exam
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- 158 - 28. V.J. Orphan, Science Ap
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CROSS SLIDE - 160 - AXIAL DRIVE : 3
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- 162 - Fig. 4. Two neutron radiogr
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INTRODUCTION (Continued) - 164 - Pr
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- 166 - SENSITOMETRIC QUALITY CONTR
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- 168 - MAKING THE TRANSITION TO AU
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(Continued) - 170 - The primary mec
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UJNXKAST o Indicated: o Calculated:
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- 174 - F»LM_i5=l£B_ DATE22=22=ß
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- 176 - RECENT MICROFUCUS X~RAY IMA
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ABSTRACT - 178 - WET CHANNEL INSPEC
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- 180 - 5) an eddy current probe to
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- 182 - tube, say 0.5-1.0 metre, so
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - 184 - Many peopl
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- 186 - TABLE 3 Operational Objecti
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Pressure Tube Fuel -Carter Spring S
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«AC UUSU«O«HII INCUMKTM - 190 -
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Inlet or Outlet £nd Outlet 2m - 19
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- 194 - AN ADVANCED HEAT EXCHANGER
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- 196 - storage terminal. However,
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2.4 Data Processing Subsystem 2.4.1
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- 200 - display parameter set could
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5. PLAYBACK - 202 - A tape playback
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" * 0 0 MOkE* i SUN! SOW A 1 3* ~V
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SLHHT POU 422/14 - 206 - x •* F-R
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- 208 - The recent failure of a Zir
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- 210 - probe in its operating envi
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- 212 - The eddy current and wall t
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6. SUMMARY - 214 - The failure of a
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+2.5%p Lift Off •* - 216 - +5% Wa
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0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 c .1 2 o
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0 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 -1.00 -1.25 i 1
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- 222 - CHECKING FOR CRACKS IN GAS
Page 237 and 238:
- 224 - on the fringes. (The sensit
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Figure 1 18 MW gas turbine rotor, p
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- 228 - Figure 3 Weak penetrant ind
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- 230 - Figure 7 All signals superi
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- 232 - Figure 11 Frequency respons
Page 247 and 248:
- 234 - row 3 sent to 0 4 n 1Vor?d.
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1. INTRODUCTION - 236 - In-service
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- 238 - treatment, and bending are
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- 240 - With an AC coil surrounding
Page 255 and 256:
- 242 - against magnet position, tr
Page 257 and 258:
6. SUMMARY - 244 - Conventional edd
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10 1 Centre Magnet 2 Keepers 3 End
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A - II' Concentric Groove 0.1 mm de
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- 250 ON THE RELATION BETWEEN ULTRA
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- 252 - Following a brief descripti
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CONCLUSION - 254 - In order to veri
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- 256 - 13. R.L. Smith, F.L. Rusbri
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Ultrasonic Instrumentation - 258 -
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100 a (m" 1 ) 10 f Slope = 4 10 - 2
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- 262 - ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING O
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- 264 - Metal components with class
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- 266 - Any recognizable fibre dama
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- 268 - FIGURE 1 EXPULSION OF FIBRE
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100 95 LU LU 5 S 90 ^"-85 K H H 80
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- 272 - FIGURE 6 SENSORS AND PREAMP
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900 800 700 i/> 600 H Z O 500 U 400
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- 276 - ACOUSTIC SORTING OF GRINDER
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- 278 - 6e P = Po c - St or p = p0
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- 280 - (9) for hardened steel. All
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- 282 - but not reseted, so the com
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- 284 - GOOD CRACKED 0 2 4 6 8 0 2
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0 - 286 - Figure 5: Resonance frequ
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- 288 - GOOD 0 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 Level
Page 303 and 304:
- 290 - THE BENEFITS OF NDT TRAININ
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- 292 - C.S.N.D.T. Chapters continu
Page 307 and 308:
- 294 - The groundwork is in place.
Page 309 and 310:
- 296 - The graduates of these prog
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- 298 - CERTIFICATION OF NONDESTRUC
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- 300 - (e) A differing but persist
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250 200 150 100 50 Magnetic Particl
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LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE R.S. Sh.an.
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- 305 - Another 'near future 1 need
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- 307 - NDE OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS
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- 309 - The system described in thi
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and - 311 - S = a 2j for XR>a (2) S
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TRANSCEIVER digital signal display
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m "O -30 z o Ul -40 u. Ul ce o o Ü
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- 317 - deep penetration in same fo
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- 319 - the density by »w3 to 7%.
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density 10 3 kg/m 3 dissipation fac
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(0 60 g40 «MM "5. 3 O ü Cö §20
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60 PZT7 Vp " - 325 - o A —polariz
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- 327 -
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- 329 - Fig. 8: Typical Outputs of
Page 345 and 346:
- 331 - ULTRASONIC ANALYSIS OF VOID
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- 333 - function is approximated by
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PULSER/RECEIVER OSCILLOSCOPE SPECTR
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to •a I a. a Ê £ < IS i-o 00 -
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Figure 5: Frequency spectra from: (
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- 341 - 100 150 Void Diameter (jjm)
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- 343 - TIME (ns) Figure 9: Peak ti
Page 359 and 360:
- 345 - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ULTR
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pu = T XX + T Xy tt x y pV = T Xy +
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- 349 - linear system of equations
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- 351 - These boundary conditions a
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10. EXAMPLE - 353 - The following e
Page 369 and 370:
3 "/A ! - 355 - 1 I 2 I Figs. 1-4.
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INTRODUCTION - 357 - The inspection
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- 359 - A 3 by k array was construc
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INVERSION PROBLEM - 361 - The inver
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- 363 - the right of coils 1 to 6,
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—- ••;•••• 'IM i lüi
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- 3hl 2 3 4 OISTANCE (mm) Figure h.
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- 369 - a) 0.080 X 0.010 X 0.004" 5
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- 371 - DISTANCE ;,n(m) Figure 9b
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- 373 - INTRODUCTION X-ray diffract
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and - 375 - e a -^(a + a ) + —-
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- 377 - The commercial prototype is
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- 379 - REFERENCES 1) Klug, H.P. an
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- 381 - incident x-ray beam diffrac
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- 383 - Fig. 5(a). 200 W X-ray tube
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- 385 - Fig. 7. Head of the commerc
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- 387 - APPLICATIONS OF NEUTRON DIF
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peaks which are easily measurable.
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- 391 - directions around the circu
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I.-3 TRIPLE-AXIS NEUTRON SPECTROMET
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Ad hki£ d hkil xlO 3 - 395 - INTER
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- 397 - Fig. 5 Longitudinal, tangen
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I - INTRODUCTION - 399 - Polyethyle
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- 401 - This together with the expr
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- 403 - (5v/v)fit must be considere
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Transducer Signal - 405 - P.E.(p.v)
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ü .CO ü m O o CÖ g •4—> Q 2.
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- 409 - The present study was carri
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- 411 - Since tomographlc Images ar
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- 413 - bore axis, were scanned. Th
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- 415 - normally measured with a sh
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(a) L (b) ic) 1 - 417 - •HwK- |3A
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Figure A : Orientation of the casti
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- 421 - APPENDIX A Determination of
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ÜJ I/) 1 ce TO PE/ a. 100 90 - 80
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- 425 - This paper will concentrate
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- 427 - Ultrasonic and radiographie
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- 429 - A micrograph of the laminat
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- 431 - 2. Holography requires disp
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- 433 - 10. Green, D.R., Schneller,
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- 4 35 - Fig. 2 (a): cross-section
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10 _ 0.1 1_ 0.01 0.1 1 - 437 - TIME
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• •' '
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HEATING PULSES DETECTOR " -—FILTE
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- 443 - 5 10 POSITION (mm) Fig. 10
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- 445 - MATERIALS EFFECTS ON ACOUST
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- 447 - orientation of these specim
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- 449 - determined experimentally f
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STRUCTURE •^ TRANSDUCER (S) - 451
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- 453 - 500 PRESSURE (KPO) LEAK DIA
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Caron, V. Energy Mines & Resources
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Mclntyre, Dent Babcock & Wilcox Can
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ISSN 0067-0367 To identify individu
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FIFTH CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE ... - IAEA

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