FIFTH CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE ... - IAEA

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»6 5 ^ 4 13 2 IL 0 - 221 - •Rolled Joints £t 11Uiiiiitii Detected Positions Of Carter Springs X 1,X Rotational Position = 180° Error Bars are t (30% + 0. I mm) t K 3 4 5 6 7 Axial Position As Read By Cigarette Drive (m) FIGURE 10 GAP RESULTS FROM CHANNEL P1-G14 I f A •. A X X X X
- 222 - CHECKING FOR CRACKS IN GAS TURBINE ROTOR DISCS J. ran den Aude I and 4.8. Niebciq d'eifiufflicuic Canada Inc., Hamilton, Cnta'iic 1. INTRODUCTI<strong>ON</strong> A gas turbine consists of a compressor and a turbine. The turbine drives the compressor and a mechanical output shaft. The compressor becomes warm (from compressing air), the turbine becomes hot from the flame which burns in the compressed air in the combustion chamber. The higher the flame temperature, the higher the turbine's efficiency, but the material is also used closer to its limitations. The turbine discs (Figure 1) appear to have a finite life and although most may last seemingly forever, there is still a fair percentage that does not. This means that discs are considered to fail eventually and that a close watch is to be kept on the disc quality at overhauls, usually in the field. The type of failure is most often a crack in the tooth-serrations (Figure 2) and so far, only two nondestructive tests appear useful for the detection of root cracks, i.e., Pénétrants and Eddy currents. The former is tedious, messy and difficult to evaluate in tight locations, the latter is quicker, more definite and very sensitive, but is affected by material edges and can therefore not test the entire length of the serration. 2. PENETRANT TESTING The third party is now faced with a possible residue of two previous penetrant applications in a crack and has to go through an extensive cleaning process which might or might not remove all the old penetrant residue. The cleaning process involves glass beading to remove scale, vapour degreasing to dissolve trapped penetrant and perhaps a wash with acetone to enhance a difficult cleaning process. At this point, it should be realized that we are dealing with an entire turbine rotor from which only the turbine blades were removed. Turbines come in different sizes, but a length of 7 m and a mass of 12 tonnes, is not uncommon. The pénétrants currently used are biodegradable and water washable. It was found that the post emulsifiable pénétrants although superior when properly used, lose all of their advantages when the emulsif1er is left on too long. Apart from having no control over an operator in the field, the operator has a huge component on his hands that has to be treated in its entirety, left to soak a precise time and then wash. Such a procedure is impossible in the time slots available. Water washable pénétrants are more tolerant and appeared to be much better suited for the inspection of large components.
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q 11 Atomic Energy of Canada Limite
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ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED FIF
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CINQUIEME CONFERENCE CANADIENNE SUR
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iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A special note
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DAY 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Advanced Rad
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DAY1 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Five Years Ex
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MB Power has a total generating cap
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The fourth lesson learned was that
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STATION UNIT Coleson Cove Coleson C
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0*'? - 8 - Ä | '••• '~-!.if~
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- 10 - 7/8 inch Titanium Tube 3D i
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The facility at CFB Greenwood was c
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CONDITION MONITORING - 14 - The Con
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- 16 - REDUCING UNWANTED EFFECTS ~
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- 18 - When this happens, the instr
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- 20 - (CJUIMTTCJW ROTOR BLADE SHOW
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- 22 - Un»hl«ld«d prob* - good b
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STEEL FASTENERS EXAMINATION OF FAST
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- 26 - SKIP FINNED TUHt •< IG 5 I
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To gain primary statistical informa
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- 30 - The next step in the develop
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Each firing of the capacitor banks
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- 34 - At the Bruce we have complet
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1 GARTER SPRING IN VERTICAL POSITIO
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DIGITAL READ OUT 3.595 TOIL ELEMENT
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- 40 - EVALUATION OF ULTRASONIC MET
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III MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS - 42 -
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C Real defects - 44 - Here we repor
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Flaw Figure 1: Schematic of experim
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0.5 E10 Q. 8 1.5 2.0 - 48 - Positio
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- 50 - Figure 6: Optical micrograph
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- 52 - specialized applications suc
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- 54 - As the probed surface is not
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- 56 - in practice the central frin
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- 53 - bipolar pulse, as it is seen
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- 60 - 18. J.-P. Monchalln and R. H
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Sample Lens Ultrasound - 62 - Detec
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CD CO c O Q. W 0 - 64 - Sin(7TfuT)
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- 66 - AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC TESTING
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- 68 - 2.1 Scanning Bridge and Imme
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- 70 - each waveform digitization t
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- 72 - Further development of the s
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TRANSDUCER SELECT/ PULSE CONTROL -
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SCAIIIIING BRIDGE COLOUR GRAPHICS D
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Figure J — Beam profile of 3.5 MH
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- 80 - an additional reverse magnet
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- 82 - reinitialise the stress depe
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BAR MAGNET IDEAL FIELDS MEASURED FI
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- 86 - Figure 4: Hysteresis loops f
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-150 H= 1.6 kA/m COMPRESSION -100 -
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- 90 - MAGNETISATION ANHYSTERETÎC
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(b) 19 mm diameter o Hard spot 19mm
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Q. I CO zL 2 (Ky) TYPICAL UNCERTAIN
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- 96 - Figure 14: Conceptual M-H be
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- 98 - characterization program bas
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- 100 - 1. Planar transducer: l.a.
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Fig. 1 1/JS - 102 - Echos observed
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- 104 - CAPABILITIES/LIMITATIONS OF
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- 106 - V = f* - 0.9 ak N [2] h. /^
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DISCUSSION - 108 - The results of t
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- 110 - FIGURE 1: Equipment Used fo
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FIGURE 4: - 112 - 5 10 IS 10 Depth
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FIGURE 6: Output of Computer Modell
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- 116 - "Events on earth consist in
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- 118 - now _n = Af (5) n where Af
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- 120 - REFERENCES 1. J.K. Feiblema
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PULSER IMMERSION TRANSDUCER WATER ^
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- 124 - 6. Ultrasonic frequency spe
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i I 1 i l - 126 - —j 10. Ultrason
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TIME RNFOSIS PLOT CRSF: - 128 - 1H.
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- 130 - THE INTRODUCTION OF REAL-TI
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5. QUALIFYING THE IMAGE - 132 - In
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- 134 - CONVENTIONAL FILM RADIOGRAP
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- 136 - 11.3 Computer Management of
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- 138 - Back end of system. The com
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- IAO - to be loaded properly into
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20. OPERATIONAL UTILIZATION - 142 -
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% -•'v/ FILM AND SCREENS ' \ INSI
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- 146 - By design, these A/E monito
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- 148 - a) enables an A/E monitor s
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- 150 - OTHER . CHANNELS CONVENTION
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DAY 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Advanced Rad
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- 152 - ADVANCED RADIOGRAPHY FOR TR
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- 154 - for light weight and resist
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- 156 - available. Application exam
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- 158 - 28. V.J. Orphan, Science Ap
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CROSS SLIDE - 160 - AXIAL DRIVE : 3
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- 162 - Fig. 4. Two neutron radiogr
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INTRODUCTION (Continued) - 164 - Pr
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- 166 - SENSITOMETRIC QUALITY CONTR
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- 168 - MAKING THE TRANSITION TO AU
Page 183 and 184: (Continued) - 170 - The primary mec
Page 185 and 186: UJNXKAST o Indicated: o Calculated:
Page 187 and 188: - 174 - F»LM_i5=l£B_ DATE22=22=ß
Page 189 and 190: - 176 - RECENT MICROFUCUS X~RAY IMA
Page 191 and 192: ABSTRACT - 178 - WET CHANNEL INSPEC
Page 193 and 194: - 180 - 5) an eddy current probe to
Page 195 and 196: - 182 - tube, say 0.5-1.0 metre, so
Page 197 and 198: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - 184 - Many peopl
Page 199 and 200: - 186 - TABLE 3 Operational Objecti
Page 201 and 202: Pressure Tube Fuel -Carter Spring S
Page 203 and 204: «AC UUSU«O«HII INCUMKTM - 190 -
Page 205 and 206: Inlet or Outlet £nd Outlet 2m - 19
Page 207 and 208: - 194 - AN ADVANCED HEAT EXCHANGER
Page 209 and 210: - 196 - storage terminal. However,
Page 211 and 212: 2.4 Data Processing Subsystem 2.4.1
Page 213 and 214: - 200 - display parameter set could
Page 215 and 216: 5. PLAYBACK - 202 - A tape playback
Page 217 and 218: " * 0 0 MOkE* i SUN! SOW A 1 3* ~V
Page 219 and 220: SLHHT POU 422/14 - 206 - x •* F-R
Page 221 and 222: - 208 - The recent failure of a Zir
Page 223 and 224: - 210 - probe in its operating envi
Page 225 and 226: - 212 - The eddy current and wall t
Page 227 and 228: 6. SUMMARY - 214 - The failure of a
Page 229 and 230: +2.5%p Lift Off •* - 216 - +5% Wa
Page 231 and 232: 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 c .1 2 o
Page 233: 0 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 -1.00 -1.25 i 1
Page 237 and 238: - 224 - on the fringes. (The sensit
Page 239 and 240: Figure 1 18 MW gas turbine rotor, p
Page 241 and 242: - 228 - Figure 3 Weak penetrant ind
Page 243 and 244: - 230 - Figure 7 All signals superi
Page 245 and 246: - 232 - Figure 11 Frequency respons
Page 247 and 248: - 234 - row 3 sent to 0 4 n 1Vor?d.
Page 249 and 250: 1. INTRODUCTION - 236 - In-service
Page 251 and 252: - 238 - treatment, and bending are
Page 253 and 254: - 240 - With an AC coil surrounding
Page 255 and 256: - 242 - against magnet position, tr
Page 257 and 258: 6. SUMMARY - 244 - Conventional edd
Page 259 and 260: 10 1 Centre Magnet 2 Keepers 3 End
Page 261 and 262: A - II' Concentric Groove 0.1 mm de
Page 263 and 264: - 250 ON THE RELATION BETWEEN ULTRA
Page 265 and 266: - 252 - Following a brief descripti
Page 267 and 268: CONCLUSION - 254 - In order to veri
Page 269 and 270: - 256 - 13. R.L. Smith, F.L. Rusbri
Page 271 and 272: Ultrasonic Instrumentation - 258 -
Page 273 and 274: 100 a (m" 1 ) 10 f Slope = 4 10 - 2
Page 275 and 276: - 262 - ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING O
Page 277 and 278: - 264 - Metal components with class
Page 279 and 280: - 266 - Any recognizable fibre dama
Page 281 and 282: - 268 - FIGURE 1 EXPULSION OF FIBRE
Page 283 and 284: 100 95 LU LU 5 S 90 ^"-85 K H H 80
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- 272 - FIGURE 6 SENSORS AND PREAMP
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900 800 700 i/> 600 H Z O 500 U 400
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- 276 - ACOUSTIC SORTING OF GRINDER
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- 278 - 6e P = Po c - St or p = p0
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- 280 - (9) for hardened steel. All
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- 282 - but not reseted, so the com
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- 284 - GOOD CRACKED 0 2 4 6 8 0 2
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0 - 286 - Figure 5: Resonance frequ
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- 288 - GOOD 0 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 Level
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- 290 - THE BENEFITS OF NDT TRAININ
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- 292 - C.S.N.D.T. Chapters continu
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- 294 - The groundwork is in place.
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- 296 - The graduates of these prog
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- 298 - CERTIFICATION OF NONDESTRUC
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- 300 - (e) A differing but persist
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250 200 150 100 50 Magnetic Particl
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LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE R.S. Sh.an.
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- 305 - Another 'near future 1 need
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- 307 - NDE OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS
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- 309 - The system described in thi
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and - 311 - S = a 2j for XR>a (2) S
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TRANSCEIVER digital signal display
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m "O -30 z o Ul -40 u. Ul ce o o Ü
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- 317 - deep penetration in same fo
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- 319 - the density by »w3 to 7%.
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density 10 3 kg/m 3 dissipation fac
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(0 60 g40 «MM "5. 3 O ü Cö §20
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60 PZT7 Vp " - 325 - o A —polariz
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- 327 -
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- 329 - Fig. 8: Typical Outputs of
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- 331 - ULTRASONIC ANALYSIS OF VOID
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- 333 - function is approximated by
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PULSER/RECEIVER OSCILLOSCOPE SPECTR
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to •a I a. a Ê £ < IS i-o 00 -
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Figure 5: Frequency spectra from: (
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- 341 - 100 150 Void Diameter (jjm)
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- 343 - TIME (ns) Figure 9: Peak ti
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- 345 - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ULTR
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pu = T XX + T Xy tt x y pV = T Xy +
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- 349 - linear system of equations
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- 351 - These boundary conditions a
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10. EXAMPLE - 353 - The following e
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3 "/A ! - 355 - 1 I 2 I Figs. 1-4.
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INTRODUCTION - 357 - The inspection
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- 359 - A 3 by k array was construc
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INVERSION PROBLEM - 361 - The inver
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- 363 - the right of coils 1 to 6,
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—- ••;•••• 'IM i lüi
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- 3hl 2 3 4 OISTANCE (mm) Figure h.
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- 369 - a) 0.080 X 0.010 X 0.004" 5
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- 371 - DISTANCE ;,n(m) Figure 9b
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- 373 - INTRODUCTION X-ray diffract
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and - 375 - e a -^(a + a ) + —-
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- 377 - The commercial prototype is
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- 379 - REFERENCES 1) Klug, H.P. an
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- 381 - incident x-ray beam diffrac
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- 383 - Fig. 5(a). 200 W X-ray tube
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- 385 - Fig. 7. Head of the commerc
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- 387 - APPLICATIONS OF NEUTRON DIF
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peaks which are easily measurable.
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- 391 - directions around the circu
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I.-3 TRIPLE-AXIS NEUTRON SPECTROMET
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Ad hki£ d hkil xlO 3 - 395 - INTER
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- 397 - Fig. 5 Longitudinal, tangen
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I - INTRODUCTION - 399 - Polyethyle
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- 401 - This together with the expr
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- 403 - (5v/v)fit must be considere
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Transducer Signal - 405 - P.E.(p.v)
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ü .CO ü m O o CÖ g •4—> Q 2.
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- 409 - The present study was carri
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- 411 - Since tomographlc Images ar
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- 413 - bore axis, were scanned. Th
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- 415 - normally measured with a sh
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(a) L (b) ic) 1 - 417 - •HwK- |3A
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Figure A : Orientation of the casti
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- 421 - APPENDIX A Determination of
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ÜJ I/) 1 ce TO PE/ a. 100 90 - 80
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- 425 - This paper will concentrate
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- 427 - Ultrasonic and radiographie
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- 429 - A micrograph of the laminat
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- 431 - 2. Holography requires disp
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- 433 - 10. Green, D.R., Schneller,
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- 4 35 - Fig. 2 (a): cross-section
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10 _ 0.1 1_ 0.01 0.1 1 - 437 - TIME
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• •' '
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HEATING PULSES DETECTOR " -—FILTE
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- 443 - 5 10 POSITION (mm) Fig. 10
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- 445 - MATERIALS EFFECTS ON ACOUST
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- 447 - orientation of these specim
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- 449 - determined experimentally f
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STRUCTURE •^ TRANSDUCER (S) - 451
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- 453 - 500 PRESSURE (KPO) LEAK DIA
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Caron, V. Energy Mines & Resources
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Mclntyre, Dent Babcock & Wilcox Can
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ISSN 0067-0367 To identify individu
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FIFTH CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE ... - IAEA

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