FIFTH CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE ... - IAEA

More documents

Recommendations

Info

0 0 - 175 - FILM_£ciffiî_ DATEB2=22=83_ EXPOSURE 1S7 KVP St—1 ¥>dg» PROCESSING t Wo: BIT SPEED/»"' CRADIENT STEP 13 DENSITY BASE 1- FOC VJMo CR0Ö.3K mm • g oc -f ~J.OO t.to 2.SC
- 176 - RECENT MICROFUCUS X~RAY IMAGING APPLICATI<strong>ON</strong>S R-icha/id S. Pzagtot Rldgz Incoipoiatzd Tu.ck.zK, Go.on.Qia, U.S.A. The advent of reliable, commercially-available high output microfocus x-ray generating systems has enabled real time x-ray imaging to successfully compete with film radiography. The advantages of a near point-source of radiation in reducing x-ray image penumbral unsharpness are well known. While tnicrofocus x-ray equipment has existed for more than four decades, available microfocus x-ray equipment has been characterized by low x-ray output, rendering the technique unsuitable for real time x-ray imaging. Recently, advances in microfocus x-ray tubehead design have made available microfocus x-ray equipment operating at energies up to 160kV with focal spots on the order of 10 microns while at the same time producing x-ray output intensities comparable to conventional x-ray generating systems. The result is that microfocus x-ray imaging can be successfully applied to a wide range of test projects ranging from thin, lightweight materials to materials of substantial cross section and density up to the equivalent of approximately 5/8" of steel. The advantages of using microfocus imaging techniques are twofold. First, image resolution is improved by orders of magnitude according to the amount of geometric enlargement used. Resolutions on the order of 25 lint: pair per millimeter are routinely achieved at 10X geometric enlargement using a commercially-available imaging system having a resolving power of only 2.5 line pair per millimeter. Second, image contrast is improved. Thii» comes about through a reduction in the amount of test object scatter radiation reaching the imaging system due to two factors: 1) the x-ray illuminated area of the test object is reduced, thereby reducing the amount of scatter generated, and 2) the test object is positioned away from the image receptor reducing the scatter intensity and intercepted solid angle. The result is that high output microfocus x-ray imaging systems can routinely produce equivalent penetrameter sensitivities on the order of 2-1T or even 1 — IT in some instances. The resulting high quality real time video x-ray image may be processed using analog and/or digital image
Page 1 and 2:
q 11 Atomic Energy of Canada Limite
Page 3 and 4:
ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LIMITED FIF
Page 5 and 6:
CINQUIEME CONFERENCE CANADIENNE SUR
Page 7 and 8:
iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A special note
Page 9 and 10:
DAY 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Advanced Rad
Page 11 and 12:
DAY1 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Five Years Ex
Page 13 and 14:
MB Power has a total generating cap
Page 15 and 16:
The fourth lesson learned was that
Page 17 and 18:
STATION UNIT Coleson Cove Coleson C
Page 19 and 20:
0*'? - 8 - Ä | '••• '~-!.if~
Page 21 and 22:
- 10 - 7/8 inch Titanium Tube 3D i
Page 23 and 24:
The facility at CFB Greenwood was c
Page 25 and 26:
CONDITION MONITORING - 14 - The Con
Page 27 and 28:
- 16 - REDUCING UNWANTED EFFECTS ~
Page 29 and 30:
- 18 - When this happens, the instr
Page 31 and 32:
- 20 - (CJUIMTTCJW ROTOR BLADE SHOW
Page 33 and 34:
- 22 - Un»hl«ld«d prob* - good b
Page 35 and 36:
STEEL FASTENERS EXAMINATION OF FAST
Page 37 and 38:
- 26 - SKIP FINNED TUHt •< IG 5 I
Page 39 and 40:
To gain primary statistical informa
Page 41 and 42:
- 30 - The next step in the develop
Page 43 and 44:
Each firing of the capacitor banks
Page 45 and 46:
- 34 - At the Bruce we have complet
Page 47 and 48:
1 GARTER SPRING IN VERTICAL POSITIO
Page 49 and 50:
DIGITAL READ OUT 3.595 TOIL ELEMENT
Page 51 and 52:
- 40 - EVALUATION OF ULTRASONIC MET
Page 53 and 54:
III MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS - 42 -
Page 55 and 56:
C Real defects - 44 - Here we repor
Page 57 and 58:
Flaw Figure 1: Schematic of experim
Page 59 and 60:
0.5 E10 Q. 8 1.5 2.0 - 48 - Positio
Page 61 and 62:
- 50 - Figure 6: Optical micrograph
Page 63 and 64:
- 52 - specialized applications suc
Page 65 and 66:
- 54 - As the probed surface is not
Page 67 and 68:
- 56 - in practice the central frin
Page 69 and 70:
- 53 - bipolar pulse, as it is seen
Page 71 and 72:
- 60 - 18. J.-P. Monchalln and R. H
Page 73 and 74:
Sample Lens Ultrasound - 62 - Detec
Page 75 and 76:
CD CO c O Q. W 0 - 64 - Sin(7TfuT)
Page 77 and 78:
- 66 - AUTOMATED ULTRASONIC TESTING
Page 79 and 80:
- 68 - 2.1 Scanning Bridge and Imme
Page 81 and 82:
- 70 - each waveform digitization t
Page 83 and 84:
- 72 - Further development of the s
Page 85 and 86:
TRANSDUCER SELECT/ PULSE CONTROL -
Page 87 and 88:
SCAIIIIING BRIDGE COLOUR GRAPHICS D
Page 89 and 90:
Figure J — Beam profile of 3.5 MH
Page 91 and 92:
- 80 - an additional reverse magnet
Page 93 and 94:
- 82 - reinitialise the stress depe
Page 95 and 96:
BAR MAGNET IDEAL FIELDS MEASURED FI
Page 97 and 98:
- 86 - Figure 4: Hysteresis loops f
Page 99 and 100:
-150 H= 1.6 kA/m COMPRESSION -100 -
Page 101 and 102:
- 90 - MAGNETISATION ANHYSTERETÎC
Page 103 and 104:
(b) 19 mm diameter o Hard spot 19mm
Page 105 and 106:
Q. I CO zL 2 (Ky) TYPICAL UNCERTAIN
Page 107 and 108:
- 96 - Figure 14: Conceptual M-H be
Page 109 and 110:
- 98 - characterization program bas
Page 111 and 112:
- 100 - 1. Planar transducer: l.a.
Page 113 and 114:
Fig. 1 1/JS - 102 - Echos observed
Page 115 and 116:
- 104 - CAPABILITIES/LIMITATIONS OF
Page 117 and 118:
- 106 - V = f* - 0.9 ak N [2] h. /^
Page 119 and 120:
DISCUSSION - 108 - The results of t
Page 121 and 122:
- 110 - FIGURE 1: Equipment Used fo
Page 123 and 124:
FIGURE 4: - 112 - 5 10 IS 10 Depth
Page 125 and 126:
FIGURE 6: Output of Computer Modell
Page 127 and 128:
- 116 - "Events on earth consist in
Page 129 and 130:
- 118 - now _n = Af (5) n where Af
Page 131 and 132:
- 120 - REFERENCES 1. J.K. Feiblema
Page 133 and 134:
PULSER IMMERSION TRANSDUCER WATER ^
Page 135 and 136:
- 124 - 6. Ultrasonic frequency spe
Page 137 and 138: i I 1 i l - 126 - —j 10. Ultrason
Page 139 and 140: TIME RNFOSIS PLOT CRSF: - 128 - 1H.
Page 141 and 142: - 130 - THE INTRODUCTION OF REAL-TI
Page 143 and 144: 5. QUALIFYING THE IMAGE - 132 - In
Page 145 and 146: - 134 - CONVENTIONAL FILM RADIOGRAP
Page 147 and 148: - 136 - 11.3 Computer Management of
Page 149 and 150: - 138 - Back end of system. The com
Page 151 and 152: - IAO - to be loaded properly into
Page 153 and 154: 20. OPERATIONAL UTILIZATION - 142 -
Page 155 and 156: % -•'v/ FILM AND SCREENS ' \ INSI
Page 157 and 158: - 146 - By design, these A/E monito
Page 159 and 160: - 148 - a) enables an A/E monitor s
Page 161 and 162: - 150 - OTHER . CHANNELS CONVENTION
Page 163 and 164: DAY 2 KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Advanced Rad
Page 165 and 166: - 152 - ADVANCED RADIOGRAPHY FOR TR
Page 167 and 168: - 154 - for light weight and resist
Page 169 and 170: - 156 - available. Application exam
Page 171 and 172: - 158 - 28. V.J. Orphan, Science Ap
Page 173 and 174: CROSS SLIDE - 160 - AXIAL DRIVE : 3
Page 175 and 176: - 162 - Fig. 4. Two neutron radiogr
Page 177 and 178: INTRODUCTION (Continued) - 164 - Pr
Page 179 and 180: - 166 - SENSITOMETRIC QUALITY CONTR
Page 181 and 182: - 168 - MAKING THE TRANSITION TO AU
Page 183 and 184: (Continued) - 170 - The primary mec
Page 185 and 186: UJNXKAST o Indicated: o Calculated:
Page 187: - 174 - F»LM_i5=l£B_ DATE22=22=ß
Page 191 and 192: ABSTRACT - 178 - WET CHANNEL INSPEC
Page 193 and 194: - 180 - 5) an eddy current probe to
Page 195 and 196: - 182 - tube, say 0.5-1.0 metre, so
Page 197 and 198: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - 184 - Many peopl
Page 199 and 200: - 186 - TABLE 3 Operational Objecti
Page 201 and 202: Pressure Tube Fuel -Carter Spring S
Page 203 and 204: «AC UUSU«O«HII INCUMKTM - 190 -
Page 205 and 206: Inlet or Outlet £nd Outlet 2m - 19
Page 207 and 208: - 194 - AN ADVANCED HEAT EXCHANGER
Page 209 and 210: - 196 - storage terminal. However,
Page 211 and 212: 2.4 Data Processing Subsystem 2.4.1
Page 213 and 214: - 200 - display parameter set could
Page 215 and 216: 5. PLAYBACK - 202 - A tape playback
Page 217 and 218: " * 0 0 MOkE* i SUN! SOW A 1 3* ~V
Page 219 and 220: SLHHT POU 422/14 - 206 - x •* F-R
Page 221 and 222: - 208 - The recent failure of a Zir
Page 223 and 224: - 210 - probe in its operating envi
Page 225 and 226: - 212 - The eddy current and wall t
Page 227 and 228: 6. SUMMARY - 214 - The failure of a
Page 229 and 230: +2.5%p Lift Off •* - 216 - +5% Wa
Page 231 and 232: 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 c .1 2 o
Page 233 and 234: 0 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 -1.00 -1.25 i 1
Page 235 and 236: - 222 - CHECKING FOR CRACKS IN GAS
Page 237 and 238: - 224 - on the fringes. (The sensit
Page 239 and 240:
Figure 1 18 MW gas turbine rotor, p
Page 241 and 242:
- 228 - Figure 3 Weak penetrant ind
Page 243 and 244:
- 230 - Figure 7 All signals superi
Page 245 and 246:
- 232 - Figure 11 Frequency respons
Page 247 and 248:
- 234 - row 3 sent to 0 4 n 1Vor?d.
Page 249 and 250:
1. INTRODUCTION - 236 - In-service
Page 251 and 252:
- 238 - treatment, and bending are
Page 253 and 254:
- 240 - With an AC coil surrounding
Page 255 and 256:
- 242 - against magnet position, tr
Page 257 and 258:
6. SUMMARY - 244 - Conventional edd
Page 259 and 260:
10 1 Centre Magnet 2 Keepers 3 End
Page 261 and 262:
A - II' Concentric Groove 0.1 mm de
Page 263 and 264:
- 250 ON THE RELATION BETWEEN ULTRA
Page 265 and 266:
- 252 - Following a brief descripti
Page 267 and 268:
CONCLUSION - 254 - In order to veri
Page 269 and 270:
- 256 - 13. R.L. Smith, F.L. Rusbri
Page 271 and 272:
Ultrasonic Instrumentation - 258 -
Page 273 and 274:
100 a (m" 1 ) 10 f Slope = 4 10 - 2
Page 275 and 276:
- 262 - ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING O
Page 277 and 278:
- 264 - Metal components with class
Page 279 and 280:
- 266 - Any recognizable fibre dama
Page 281 and 282:
- 268 - FIGURE 1 EXPULSION OF FIBRE
Page 283 and 284:
100 95 LU LU 5 S 90 ^"-85 K H H 80
Page 285 and 286:
- 272 - FIGURE 6 SENSORS AND PREAMP
Page 287 and 288:
900 800 700 i/> 600 H Z O 500 U 400
Page 289 and 290:
- 276 - ACOUSTIC SORTING OF GRINDER
Page 291 and 292:
- 278 - 6e P = Po c - St or p = p0
Page 293 and 294:
- 280 - (9) for hardened steel. All
Page 295 and 296:
- 282 - but not reseted, so the com
Page 297 and 298:
- 284 - GOOD CRACKED 0 2 4 6 8 0 2
Page 299 and 300:
0 - 286 - Figure 5: Resonance frequ
Page 301 and 302:
- 288 - GOOD 0 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 Level
Page 303 and 304:
- 290 - THE BENEFITS OF NDT TRAININ
Page 305 and 306:
- 292 - C.S.N.D.T. Chapters continu
Page 307 and 308:
- 294 - The groundwork is in place.
Page 309 and 310:
- 296 - The graduates of these prog
Page 311 and 312:
- 298 - CERTIFICATION OF NONDESTRUC
Page 313 and 314:
- 300 - (e) A differing but persist
Page 315 and 316:
250 200 150 100 50 Magnetic Particl
Page 317 and 318:
LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE R.S. Sh.an.
Page 319 and 320:
- 305 - Another 'near future 1 need
Page 321 and 322:
- 307 - NDE OF STRUCTURAL CERAMICS
Page 323 and 324:
- 309 - The system described in thi
Page 325 and 326:
and - 311 - S = a 2j for XR>a (2) S
Page 327 and 328:
TRANSCEIVER digital signal display
Page 329 and 330:
m "O -30 z o Ul -40 u. Ul ce o o Ü
Page 331 and 332:
- 317 - deep penetration in same fo
Page 333 and 334:
- 319 - the density by »w3 to 7%.
Page 335 and 336:
density 10 3 kg/m 3 dissipation fac
Page 337 and 338:
(0 60 g40 «MM "5. 3 O ü Cö §20
Page 339 and 340:
60 PZT7 Vp " - 325 - o A —polariz
Page 341 and 342:
- 327 -
Page 343 and 344:
- 329 - Fig. 8: Typical Outputs of
Page 345 and 346:
- 331 - ULTRASONIC ANALYSIS OF VOID
Page 347 and 348:
- 333 - function is approximated by
Page 349 and 350:
PULSER/RECEIVER OSCILLOSCOPE SPECTR
Page 351 and 352:
to •a I a. a Ê £ < IS i-o 00 -
Page 353 and 354:
Figure 5: Frequency spectra from: (
Page 355 and 356:
- 341 - 100 150 Void Diameter (jjm)
Page 357 and 358:
- 343 - TIME (ns) Figure 9: Peak ti
Page 359 and 360:
- 345 - COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ULTR
Page 361 and 362:
pu = T XX + T Xy tt x y pV = T Xy +
Page 363 and 364:
- 349 - linear system of equations
Page 365 and 366:
- 351 - These boundary conditions a
Page 367 and 368:
10. EXAMPLE - 353 - The following e
Page 369 and 370:
3 "/A ! - 355 - 1 I 2 I Figs. 1-4.
Page 371 and 372:
INTRODUCTION - 357 - The inspection
Page 373 and 374:
- 359 - A 3 by k array was construc
Page 375 and 376:
INVERSION PROBLEM - 361 - The inver
Page 377 and 378:
- 363 - the right of coils 1 to 6,
Page 379 and 380:
—- ••;•••• 'IM i lüi
Page 381 and 382:
- 3hl 2 3 4 OISTANCE (mm) Figure h.
Page 383 and 384:
- 369 - a) 0.080 X 0.010 X 0.004" 5
Page 385 and 386:
- 371 - DISTANCE ;,n(m) Figure 9b
Page 387 and 388:
- 373 - INTRODUCTION X-ray diffract
Page 389 and 390:
and - 375 - e a -^(a + a ) + —-
Page 391 and 392:
- 377 - The commercial prototype is
Page 393 and 394:
- 379 - REFERENCES 1) Klug, H.P. an
Page 395 and 396:
- 381 - incident x-ray beam diffrac
Page 397 and 398:
- 383 - Fig. 5(a). 200 W X-ray tube
Page 399 and 400:
- 385 - Fig. 7. Head of the commerc
Page 401 and 402:
- 387 - APPLICATIONS OF NEUTRON DIF
Page 403 and 404:
peaks which are easily measurable.
Page 405 and 406:
- 391 - directions around the circu
Page 407 and 408:
I.-3 TRIPLE-AXIS NEUTRON SPECTROMET
Page 409 and 410:
Ad hki£ d hkil xlO 3 - 395 - INTER
Page 411 and 412:
- 397 - Fig. 5 Longitudinal, tangen
Page 413 and 414:
I - INTRODUCTION - 399 - Polyethyle
Page 415 and 416:
- 401 - This together with the expr
Page 417 and 418:
- 403 - (5v/v)fit must be considere
Page 419 and 420:
Transducer Signal - 405 - P.E.(p.v)
Page 421 and 422:
ü .CO ü m O o CÖ g •4—> Q 2.
Page 423 and 424:
- 409 - The present study was carri
Page 425 and 426:
- 411 - Since tomographlc Images ar
Page 427 and 428:
- 413 - bore axis, were scanned. Th
Page 429 and 430:
- 415 - normally measured with a sh
Page 431 and 432:
(a) L (b) ic) 1 - 417 - •HwK- |3A
Page 433 and 434:
Figure A : Orientation of the casti
Page 435 and 436:
- 421 - APPENDIX A Determination of
Page 437 and 438:
ÜJ I/) 1 ce TO PE/ a. 100 90 - 80
Page 439 and 440:
- 425 - This paper will concentrate
Page 441 and 442:
- 427 - Ultrasonic and radiographie
Page 443 and 444:
- 429 - A micrograph of the laminat
Page 445 and 446:
- 431 - 2. Holography requires disp
Page 447 and 448:
- 433 - 10. Green, D.R., Schneller,
Page 449 and 450:
- 4 35 - Fig. 2 (a): cross-section
Page 451 and 452:
10 _ 0.1 1_ 0.01 0.1 1 - 437 - TIME
Page 453 and 454:
• •' '
Page 455 and 456:
HEATING PULSES DETECTOR " -—FILTE
Page 457 and 458:
- 443 - 5 10 POSITION (mm) Fig. 10
Page 459 and 460:
- 445 - MATERIALS EFFECTS ON ACOUST
Page 461 and 462:
- 447 - orientation of these specim
Page 463 and 464:
- 449 - determined experimentally f
Page 465 and 466:
STRUCTURE •^ TRANSDUCER (S) - 451
Page 467 and 468:
- 453 - 500 PRESSURE (KPO) LEAK DIA
Page 469 and 470:
Caron, V. Energy Mines & Resources
Page 471 and 472:
Mclntyre, Dent Babcock & Wilcox Can
Page 473:
ISSN 0067-0367 To identify individu
show all

FIFTH CANADIAN CONFERENCE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE ... - IAEA

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?